not

An elite group of no more than 10-20 collectors have begun over the past 3-4 years to visit art fairs abroad, acquire works by international artists and attempt to position their collection beyond national borders.
Especially in recent years, as the real estate and the stock exchange boom had stopped, many turned to contemporary art for short-term or long-term investment. Quite a few of these buyers prefer direct contact to artists, making bulk purchases at heavy discounts in the studio. Aware of the risks of siding with contemporary art, they diversify their selections, and acquire groups of works that are difficult to bring on common denominator within a harmonious collection, yet guarantee a balanced future. [..] Strictly speaking these acquisitions make up no collections (if the latter is understood as a coherent entity), yet may become one by slimming down.
Lawyers and brokers, media figures and top managers seem to share a strong penchant for getting to know the person whose works they collect and for establishing a contact they often deem “friendly”. In my experience the artists share this “friendship” less enthusiastically, yet play the role happily for obvious reasons. [..] [Collectors] build up a network of artist acquaintances parallel to their private and business relations, and often spend increasing amounts of time in this new niche of their life. Collecting in this role is a medicine for the thirst of new human relations, often (seemingly) less rational than the world of business, and less conventional than the family circle. Without stretching the point, one may say that quite a few actors of the scene collect friends rather than art.
In the Western world normally unthinkable due to excessive prices, several Hungarian collectors have been able over the past two decades to amass Hungarian works spanning the whole of the 20th century.
In terms of media, painting predominates. Other traditional forms (graphics, sculpture) are much less popular, but their position is improving. Photography, new media, installation, object art, other ephemeral, site-specific, and mixed media works are still lagging behind, but likewise spreading. In recent years, the elite layer of collectors has definitely realised the importance of diversifying the media they collect.
The influence of galleries on collectors is also on the rise. In the first phase following the fall of the Wall, collectors were – for reasons lying at hand – very individualistic, often secretive in their approach, as well as financially stronger and faster than the young galleries. Most collectors were unwilling to pay a “gallery price”, and we can still find artists and buyers negotiating in a double prices system (where atelier prices grossly undercut the gallery price level), yet this is now receding.
Some collections tell immediately, at first look the decisive impact of the gallery standing behind them, while in other cases the collector retains the right of selection stronger, yet accepts the dictate of the market: purchases have to be carried out increasingly by way of a gallery. This motivates more and more artists to ally with galleries, which, in turn, forces a growing circle of collectors to frequent the galleries and art dealers. The system of collecting becomes more and more institutional in Hungary.
The sales made at the fair could just as well take place in the galleries at some other time; the fair exerts no clearly identifiable impact on collecting. International fairs, in contrast, have a rapidly growing effect on the Hungarian scene.
A surprisingly large number of new galleries (launched since 2000) have been quite successful in building up their clientele, and luring away buyers from senior galleries. Non-profit galleries have an increasingly important say in the game. As collectors become experienced, they realise that curators working at these institutions, and artists exhibiting there, often have prophetic power. What appears as a peripheral new phenomenon in the arts scene, perhaps in one of the non-profit “gate-keeper galleries”, may within a year or two have ascended to higher status.
Among the museums, the Ludwig Museum in Budapest takes a central position, yet its co-operation with collectors is brand new and still fairly weak, rather symbolic. Both the previous (founding) and the current director can be judged as mistrustful of private engagement in art, although in the past year or two there have been gestures of familiarising between the museum administration and private collectors. [..] Neither the Hungarian National Gallery nor the Municipal Gallery (the two other important public collections of modern and contemporary art in the capital) can boast closer ties with collectors. To put it bluntly, most collectors do not even know that both of these museums have a permanent exhibition of post-World War II art, and that their collections include some seminal works. In return, most curators and chief administrators working at these (and other) museums in Hungary are prone to similar ignorance.
Art magazines seldom provide food for thought to private collectors.
Although many [collectors] increasingly fear the “three evils” of publicity – the tax office, burglary and public envy – there is still regular coverage of art collecting by a few specialised art writers.
With a few exceptions (such as the Kassák Museum), larger public institutions rarely show private collections. For the Ludwig Museum, showing a private collection is entirely out of question. True, the international scope of this museum’s own collection has no peer among the private holdings in the country (with the sole exception of the Somlói–Spengler Collection, which attempts to catch up with international trends of collecting).
Over one hundred private collections of contemporary art in Hungary.
Collectors increasingly get to know each other. Recently a communication agency has set up a platform for their regular meetings, as well as a webs-site for interaction, while a few collectors go further and jointly fund art prizes, visits abroad and, vice versa, invitations of international art experts to Hungary.
Among the company collections, that of Raiffeisen Bank is the most solid, while among he company-funded prizes Strabag Award dominated the scene for over a decade, with the brand new Aviva Prize now poised for taking it over. In most corporate projects, however, the domination of the marketing aims can not be overlooked.
As elsewhere in the world, artists themselves are avid collectors in Hungary. Some of these collections (e.g. that of László Fehér, Tamás Konok, István Haraszty, Ákos Matzon) have become known through numerous exhibitions, yet there are dozens more. Most artists build their holdings by way of exchange, and this opens the way to international works, too, that would otherwise be difficult to obtain. A few artists (for instance Imre Bak) became known for that as early as in the 1970s, with museums borrowing foreign works from them; and it still holds that artist collectors are at the forefront of international collecting in the country.
Spurred by Dóra Maurer, the Open Structures Art Society (whose members range from István Nádler to Katalin Hetey) regularly stages exhibitions both in Hungary and abroad, based on their joint collection and documentation archive, which is an outstanding testimony of geometric creation in Hungary and the world over the past decades.
The Mobile MADI Museum is the collection of a group of artists.
The private holdings of Lóránd Hegyi or the late Éva Körner and Ottó Mezei are examples of collections put together by art historians, and the list goes on.
Those Hungarian artists who do have some recognition abroad (typically neo-conceptual mid-career figures, such as Róza El-Hassan, Attila Csörgő, or the Kis Varsó duo) are under-represented in Hungarian collections. In contrast, the most sought-after local artists (e.g. Imre Bukta, László feLugossy) have limited reference abroad.
!! Among the collectors, only those have a chance of making a name abroad who mix Hungarian positions with international art. Some of these people live abroad (e.g. Gábor Hunya in Vienna, András Szöllősi-Nagy in Paris), while recently a few businessmen based in Hungary have also begun buying internationally (e.g. László Gerő, Ferenc Karvalits, Béla Horváth). The taste of this narrow elite is similar to the choices of new collectors elsewhere in Eastern Europe: they try to lift their respective local artists onto a higher echelon of international recognition by buying blue-chip foreign artists from respected galleries.

4.8.11
13:28 < barak> Soft power is the ability to obtain what one wants through co-option and attraction.
13:29 < barak> idea of attraction as a form of power dates back to ancient Chinese philosophers such as Laozi
in the 7th century BC. “Water is fluid, soft, and yielding. But water will wear away rock,
which is rigid and cannot yield. As a rule, whatever is fluid, soft, and yielding will overcome
whatever is rigid and hard. This is another paradox: what is soft is strong.”
13:29 < barak> hm pekna metafora pre silu zdielania a leakovania
13:30 < barak> uz mam dve akoze teorie ktore by sa hodili do btc pejpru – este protocollary power
13:31 < barak> via galloway
http://www2.lse.ac.uk/publicEvents/events/2011/20110504t1830vSZT.aspx via mirkoschaefer http://twitter.com/#!/mirkoschaefer/status/99070092112957440

+
The success of soft power heavily depends on the actor’s reputation within the international community, as well as the flow of information between actors.
Thus, soft power is often associated with the rise of globalization and neoliberal international relations theory.
Popular culture and media is regularly identified as a source of soft power, as is the spread of a national language,
or a particular set of normative structures;
a nation with a large amount of soft power and the good will that engenders it inspire others to acculturate,
avoiding the need for expensive hard power expenditures.
/
The Soviet Union had a great deal of soft power in the years after World War II, but they destroyed it by the way they used their
hard power against Hungary and Czechoslovakia, just as American military actions in the Middle East undercut their Soft Power.

the picture (c. 1916-1917) shows Duchamp “exhausted after an evening that likely involved some form of excessive consumption”;

he recalls Duchamp’s artist-friend (and, before he went to the front, fellow expatri-

ate) Albert Gleizes’s criticism of Duchamp for such habits, and Duchamp’s response:

“if I didn’t drink so much alcohol, I would have committed suicide long ago!”

+

Dreier’s deeply repressed sexual fantasizing and frustration in relation to Duchamp.

Duchamp was highly seductive to the women of the New York Dada circle and frustratingly un-

available to most of them, in particular Dreier.

While she gave him money to support him, this older German woman was clearly not Duchamp’s type.

Their personal correspondence shows a frustrated sexuality turned maternalism on Dreier’s

part, a polite and gentle distance maintained on Duchamp’s.

+

Duchamp liked to proclaim that he

considered himself an engineer rather than an artist.46 The gesture of the readymades

highlighted his confusion of the boundaries between engineering (the making of

machines) and art, but this gesture is also tinged with what we might call a machine-

age primitivism.

+

Léger in the 1950s told the story of going, before World War I, to an airplane exhibi-

tion with Duchamp and Brancusi: “Marcel . . . walked around the motors and pro-

pellers without saying a word. Suddenly he turned to Brancusi: ‘Painting has come to

an end. Who can do anything better than this propeller? Can you?’ ”

+

his readymade gesture thus explicitly reverses the dynamic at play in the

Ford system: while the assembly line functions specifically to take the individual prod-

uct away from the individual worker (in what Marx noted to be an alienation of the

laborer from his products), Duchamp’s gesture is to return individuality to the massproduced object

/ ??? return individuality to… ? dnes: massproduced object: affection, relations, life

/ back to individual life (toho je plne contemp art), aj ostatne veci, toho je vela… to je malo.

/ vtedajsia machine je dnes internet/softver

Roubini-Bremmer: A G-Zero World
Brian Holmes
Tue, 08 Mar 2011 19:00:18 -0800

< barak> zaujimave.. z kosiara sucasnej geopolitiky.. aj ad arab spring..
01:53 < barak> tvrdia ze ziadna velmoc sa nechce uchopit role globalneho policajta lebo je dost bizi sama so sebou, co globalizacia standardizovala sa zacne pomaly rozpadat, a staty zacnu viac chranit vlastne trhy protekcionizmom

/ !!!! “global public goods” (mostly security, a sordid boon) !!!???
/ spinava dobrocinnost (OLPC?), alebo co tym mysli?

Ian Bremmer and Nouriel Roubini
/ 8 ben IV sc & 4 men V ar 59

Last month we had a strong debate on Nettime about the nature and
meaning of the Arab Spring. The nature of it is up to the participants
to say, but in my view the fall of authoritarian regimes in North Africa
represents at least a partial collapse of one of the pillars on which
the transnational state-form of the present was founded, way back in the
late seventies-early eighties when Trilaterlaism (or “Triad Power”)
first got off the ground, on the backs of workers in the Arab world, in
Latin America, and then increasingly in China. Now the rise of the BRIC
countries and the development of the Gulf has entirely overtaken that
old hegemony.

In this paper by Nouriel Roubini and his wunderkind sidekick Ian
Bremmer, the ineffectiveness of the present G-20 becomes the signal of
chaos in the world system. Far from an abstract fancy hatched among the
students of Immanuel Wallerstein, world hegemony is a da‎ily concern of
the corporate classes because of its provision of so-called “global
public goods” (mostly security, a sordid boon). Roubini and Bremmer
don’t see anyone delivering the goods in the near future.

I’m sending the article because it nails the central point on which my
analysis of the Arab Spring is based: the collapse of the Trilateral
system that was perfectly represented by the members of the G-7.
However, the paper was written before the events in Egypt and anyway,
it’s not certain these guys can look beyond the sagging values of
economic growth. What I see in the future is a wide-open world where
everyone can make a difference amidst the most unexpected circumstances.
For the moment at least this is an incredibly light period, a time for
escaping gravity. It’s a time for invention. Learn some new moves in a
zero-G world.

ciao, BH

***

Foreign Affairs, January 31, 2011

“A G-Zero World”

The New Economic Club Will Produce Conflict, Not Cooperation

Ian Bremmer and Nouriel Roubini

This is not a G-20 world. Over the past several months, the expanded
group of leading economies has gone from a would-be concert of nations
to a cacophony of competing voices as the urgency of the financial
crisis has waned and the diversity of political and economic values
within the group has asserted itself. Nor is there a viable G-2 — a
U.S.-Chinese solution for pressing transnational problems — because
Beijing has no interest in accepting the burdens that come with
international leadership. Nor is there a G-3 alternative, a grouping of
the United States, Europe, and Japan that might ride to the rescue.

Today, the United States lacks the resources to continue as the primary
provider of global public goods. Europe is fully occupied for the moment
with saving the eurozone. Japan is likewise tied down with complex
political and economic problems at home. None of these powers’
governments has the time, resources, or domestic political capital
needed for a new bout of international heavy lifting. Meanwhile, there
are no credible answers to transnational challenges without the direct
involvement of emerging powers such as Brazil, China, and India. Yet
these countries are far too focused on domestic development to welcome
the burdens that come with new responsibilities abroad.

We are now living in a G-Zero world, one in which no single country or
bloc of countries has the political and economic leverage — or the will
— to drive a truly international agenda. The result will be intensified
conflict on the international stage over vitally important issues, such
as international macroeconomic coordination, financial regulatory
reform, trade policy, and climate change. This new order has
far-reaching implications for the global economy, as companies around
the world sit on enormous stockpiles of cash, waiting for the current
era of political and economic uncertainty to pass. Many of them can
expect an extended wait.

THE OLD BOYS’ CLUB
Until the mid-1990s, the G-7 was the international bargaining table of
greatest importance. Its members shared a common set of values and a
faith that democracy and market-driven capitalism were the systems most
likely to generate lasting peace and prosperity.

In 1997, the U.S.-dominated G-7 became the U.S.-dominated G-8, as U.S.
and European policymakers pulled Russia into the club. This change did
not reflect a shift in the world’s balance of power. It was simply an
effort to bolster Russia’s fragile democracy and help prevent the
country from sliding back into communism or nationalist militarism. The
transition from the G-7 to the G-8 did not challenge assumptions about
the virtues of representative government or the dangers of extensive
state management of economic growth.

The recent financial crisis and global market meltdown have sent a much
larger shock wave through the international system than anything that
followed the collapse of the Soviet bloc. In September 2008, fears that
the global economy stood on the brink of catastrophe hastened the
inevitable transition to the G-20, an organization that includes the
world’s largest and most important emerging-market states. The first
gatherings of the club — in Washington in November 2008 and London in
April 2009 — produced an agreement on joint monetary and fiscal
expansion,increased funding for the International Monetary Fund (IMF),
and new rules for financial institutions. These successes came mainly
because all the members felt threatened by the same plagues at the same
time.

But as the economic recovery began, the sense of crisis abated in some
countries. It became clear that China and other large developing
economies had suffered less damage and would recover faster than the
world’s wealthiest countries. Chinese and Indian banks had been less
exposed than Western ones to the contagion effects from the meltdown of
U.S. and European banks. Moreover, China’s foreign reserves had
protected its government and banks from the liquidity panic that took
hold in the West. Beijing’s ability to direct state spending toward
infrastructure projects quickly generated new jobs, easing fears that
the decline in U.S. and European consumer demand might trigger
large-scale unemployment and civil unrest in China.

As China and other emerging countries rebounded, the West’s fear and
frustration grew more intense. In the United States, stubbornly high
unemployment and fears of a double-dip recession fueled a rise in
antigovernment activism and shifted power to the Republicans.
Governments fell out of favor in France and Germany — and lost
elections in Japan and the United Kingdom. Fiscal crises provoked
intense public anger from Greece to Ireland and the Baltic states to Spain.

Meanwhile, Brazil, China, India, Turkey, and other developing countries
moved forward as the developed world remained stuck in an anemic
recovery. (Ironically, the only major developing country that has
struggled to recover is the petrostate Russia, the first state welcomed
into the G-7 club.) As the wealthy and the developing states’ needs and
interests began to diverge, the G-20 and other international
institutions lost the sense of urgency they needed to produce
coordinated and coherent multilateral policy responses.

Politicians in Western countries, battered by criticism that they have
failed to produce a robust recovery, have blamed scapegoats overseas.
U.S.-Chinese political tensions have risen significantly over the past
several months. China continues to defy calls from Washington to allow
the value of its currency to rise substantially. Policymakers in Beijing
insist that they must protect their country during a delicate moment in
its development, as lawmakers in Washington become more serious about
taking action against Chinese trade and currency policies that they say
are unfair. In the past three years, there has been a sharp spike in the
number of domestic trade and World Trade Organization cases that China
and the United States have filed against each other. Meanwhile, the G-20
has gone froma modestly effective international institution to an active
arena of conflict.

THE EMPTY DRIVER’S SEAT
There is nothing new about this bickering and inaction. Four decades
after the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty, for example, the major powers
still have not agreed on how to build and maintain an effective
nonproliferation regime that can halt the spread of the world’s most
dangerous weapons and technologies. In fact, global defense policy has
always been essentially a zero-sum game, as one country or bloc of
countries works to maximize its defense capabilities in ways that
(deliberately or indirectly) challenge the military preeminence of its
rivals.

International commerce is a different game; trade can benefit all
players. But the divergence of economic interests in the wake of the
financial crisis has undermined global economic cooperation, throwing a
wrench into the gears of globalization. In the past, the global economy
has relied on a hegemon — the United Kingdom in the eighteenth and
nineteenth centuries and the United States in the twentieth century —
to create the security framework necessary for free markets, free trade,
and capital mobility. But the combination of Washington’s declining
international clout, on the one hand, and sharp policy disagreements, on
the other — both between developed and developing states and between
the United States and Europe — has created a vacuum of international
leadership just at the moment when it is most needed.

For the past 20 years, whatever their differences on security issues,
governments of the world’s major developed and developing states have
had common economic goals. The growth of China and India provided
Western consumers with access to the world’s fastest-growing markets and
helped U.S. and European policymakers manage inflation through the
import of inexpensively produced goods and services. The United States,
Europe, and Japan have helped developing economies create jobs by buying
huge volumes of their exports and by maintaining relative stability in
international politics.

But for the next 20 years, negotiations on economic and trade issues are
likely to be driven by competition just as much as recent debates over
nuclear nonproliferation and climate change have. The Doha Round is as
dead as the dodo, and the World Trade Organization cannot manage the
surge of protectionist pressures that has emerged with the global slowdown.

Conflicts over trade liberalization have recently pitted the United
States, the European Union, Brazil, China, India, and other emerging
economies against one another as each government looks to protect its
own workers and industries,often at the expense of outsiders. Officials
in many European countries have complained that Ireland’s corporate tax
rate is too low and last year pushed the Irish government to accept a
bailout it needed but did not want. German voters are grousing about the
need to bail out poorer European countries, and the citizens of southern
European nations are attacking their governments’ unwillingness to
continue spending beyond their means.

Before last November’s G-20 summit in Seoul, Brazilian and Indian
officials joined their U.S. and European counterparts to complain that
China manipulates the value of its currency. Yet when the Americans
raised the issue during the forum itself, Brazil’s finance minister
complained that the U.S. policy of “quantitative easing” amounted to
much the same unfair practice, and Germany’s foreign minister described
U.S. policy as “clueless.”

Other intractable disagreements include debates over subsidies for
farmers in the United States and Europe, the protection of intellectual
property rights, and the imposition of antidumping measures and
countervailing duties. Concerns over the behavior of sovereign wealth
funds have restricted the ability of some of them to take controlling
positions in Western companies, particularly in the United States. And
China’s rush to lock down reliable long-term access to natural resources
— which has led Beijing to aggressively buy commodities in Africa,
Latin America, and other emerging markets — is further stoking conflict
with Washington.

Asset and financial protectionism are on the rise, too. A Chinese
state-owned oil company attempted to purchase the U.S. energy firm
Unocal in 2005, and a year later, the state-owned Dubai Ports World
tried to purchase a company that would allow it to operate several U.S.
ports: both ignited a political furor in Washington. This was simply the
precursor to similar acts of investment protectionism in Europe and
Asia. In fact, there are few established international guidelines for
foreign direct investment — defining what qualifies as “critical
infrastructure,” for example — and this is precisely the sort of
politically charged problem that will not be addressed successfully
anytime soon on the international stage.

The most important source of international conflict may well come from
debates over how best to ensure that an international economic meltdown
never happens again. Future global monetary and financial stability will
require much greater international coordination on the regulation and
supervision of the financial system. Eventually, they may even require a
global super-regulator, given that capital is mobile while regulatory
policies remain national. But disagreements on these issues run deep.
The governments of many developing countries fear that the creation of
tighter international rules for financial firms would bind them more
tightly to the financial systems of the very Western economies that they
blame for creating the recent crisis. And there are significant
disagreements even among advanced economies on how to reform the system
of regulation and supervision of financial institutions.

Global trade imbalances remain wide and are getting even wider,
increasing the risk of currency wars — not only between the United
States and China but also among other emerging economies. There is
nothing new about these sorts of disagreements. But the still fragile
state of the global economy makes the need to resolve them much more
urgent, and the vacuum of international leadership will make their
resolution profoundly difficult to achieve.

WHO NEEDS TO DOLLAR?
Following previous crises in emerging markets, such as the Asian
financial meltdown of the late 1990s, policy makers in those economies
committed themselves to maintaining weak currencies, running current
account surpluses, and self-insuring against liquidity runs by
accumulating huge foreign exchange reserves. This strategy grew in part
from a mistrust that the IMF could be counted on to act as the lender of
last resort. Deficit countries, such as the United States, see such
accumulations of reserves as a form of trade mercantilism that prevents
undervalued currencies from appreciating. Emerging-market economies, in
turn, complain that U.S. fiscal and current account deficits could
eventually cause the collapse of the U.S. dollar, even as these deficits
help build up the dollar assets demanded by those countries accumulating
reserves. This is a rerun of the old Triffin dilemma, an economic
observation of what happens when the country that produces the reserve
currency must run deficits to provide international liquidity,deficits
that eventually debase the currency’s value as a stable international
reserve.

Meanwhile, debates over alternatives to the U.S. dollar, including that
of giving a greater role to Special Drawing Rights (an international
reserve asset based on a basket of five national currencies created by
the IMF to supplement gold and dollar reserves), as China has
recommended, are going nowhere, largely because Washington has no
interest in any move that would undermine the central role of the
dollar. Nor is it likely that China’s yuan will soon supplant the dollar
as a major reserve currency, because for the yuan to do so, Beijing
would have to allow its exchange rate to fluctuate, reduce its controls
on capital inflows and outflows, liberalize its domestic capital
markets, and create markets for yuan-denominated debt. That is a
long-term process that would present many near-term threats to China’s
political and economic stability.

In addition, energy producers are resisting policies aimed at
stabilizing price volatility through a more flexible energy supply.
Meanwhile, net energy exporters, especially Russia, continue to use
threats to halt the flow of gas as a primary foreign policy weapon
against neighboring states. Net energy consumers, for their part, are
resisting policies, such as carbon taxes, that would reduce their
dependency on fossil fuels. Similar tensions derive from the sharply
rising prices of food and other commodities. Conflicts over these issues
come at a time when economic anxiety is high and no single country or
bloc of countries has the clout to help drive a truly international
approach to resolving them.

From 1945 until 1990, the global balance of power was defined primarily
by relative differences in military capability. It was not market-moving
innovation or cultural dynamism that bolstered the Soviet bloc’s
prominence within a bipolar international system. It was raw military
power. Today, it is the centrality of China and other emerging powers to
the future of the global economy, not the numbers of their citizens
under arms or the weapons at their disposal, that make their choices
crucial for the United States’ future.

This is the core of the G-Zero dilemma. The phrase “collective security”
conjures up NATO and its importance for peace and prosperity across
Europe. But as the eurozone crisis vividly demonstrates, there is no
collective economic security in a globalized economy. Whereas Europe’s
interest rates once converged based on the assumption that southern
European countries were immune to default risks and eastern European
states were lined up to join the euro, now there is fear of a contagion
within the walls that might one day bring down the entire eurozone
enterprise.

Beyond Europe, those who make policy, whether in a market-based
democracy such as the United States or an authoritarian capitalist state
such as China, must worry first and foremost about growth and jobs at
home. Ambitions to bolster the global economy are a distant second.
There is no longer a Washington consensus, but nor will there ever be a
Beijing consensus, because Chinese-style state capitalism is designed to
meet China’s unique needs. It is that rare product that China has no
interest in exporting.

Indeed, because each government must work to build domestic security and
prosperity to fit its own unique political, economic, geographic,
cultural, and historical circumstances, state capitalism is a system
that must be unique to every country that practices it. This is why,
despite pledges recorded in G-20 communiqués to “avoid the mistakes of
the past,” protectionism is alive and well. It is why the process of
creating a new international financial architecture is unlikely to
create a structure that complies with any credible building code. And it
is why the G-Zero era is more likely to produce protracted conflict than
anything resembling a new Bretton Woods.

lepsie v http://www.burundi.sk/dusan/carrythatweight/images/d/d5/Speculative-realism.txt

SPECULATIVE REALISTS [najma via wikipedia] (2 jan 11)
defines itself loosely in its stance of metaphysical realism against the dominant forms of post-Kantian philosophy or what it terms correlationism (~ anthropocentrism?).
conf
I 4/2007 @ Goldsmiths College, org by Alberto Toscano, *spec real
II 4/2009 “Speculative Realism/Speculative Materialism” @ UWE Bristol
publishing
Collapse #3 (publ conf I by CCRU Warwick), (wordpress) blogs, Zero Books, Re.Press, Open Humanities Press
Quentin Meillassoux, 67 fr/paris, son of anthropologist, teaches @ École Normale Supérieure, former student of Badiou (po nom prebral tiez matematicke referencie).
materialista, nie realista.
Badiou o jeho 06/08 knihe After Finitude (EN transl by Brassier) hovori ze uvadza do filozofie uplne novy pohlad, iny ako tri Kantove – kritiku, skepticizmus a dogmatizmus;
kritizuje ‘correlationism’ ~ filozofia moze pojednavat cisto o human-world (cosi ako antropocentrizmus, ale neviem preco nepouziva ten pojem).
‘arche-fossil’
‘absolute time’
hlasi(l) sa k ‘speculative materialism’.
pre-human-world = ‘ancestral realm’.
primarne vlastnosti veci dosahuje matematika, vnimanie az sekundarne vlastnosti.
[core] agnosticky skepticizmus voci kauzalite treba premenit v istotu ze causal necessity je uplna blbost… a nutnost ze laws or nature are contingent.
odmieta Kantovu Kopernikovsku revoluciu (svet zavisi od situacie pozorovatela) – vytvoril len Ptolemaiovsku kontra-revoluciu.
/ nebloguje?
Graham Harman – 68 ta 8 imix II us/iowa city, studoval pod Alphonsom Lingisom na Penn State Uni (MA 91), PhD 99 na DePaul Uni Chicago (hih zivil sa ako sports writer), 00- American University in Cairo
metafyzik, realista, occasionalist (occasional cause), silne sympatizuje s panpsychizmom, snazi sa zvratit lingvisticky obrat v zap. filozofii.
‘object-oriented philosophy’ (tiez Bryant a Bogost) via tool-analysis Heideggerovej Being and Time – fenomenologia trpi tym ze vsetko vztahuje na cloveka, PRO utlaceny realny zivot objektov (tymi je EM pole, ohnuty casopriestor, aj OSN).
‘tool-being’
‘vicarious causation’
‘allure’
robi rozdiel medzi realnymi a vnimanymi objektami – na rozdiel od (early?) Latour (& DeLanda?)’s flat ontology (mam to rozvite na poznamkach z pripravy PZI eseje 1).
Ray Brassier, 65, fr-skotski predkovia, Middlesex University => American University of Beirut
nihilista, realista, materialista, antihumanista.
stavia na ‘non-philosophy’ Françoisa Laurella.
premostuje povojnovu FR filozofiu s anglo-us tradicie fil. naturalizmu, kogn. vedy, a neurofilozofie.
‘transcendental nihilism / methodological naturalism’
prelozil 2 Badiouove a 1 Meillassouxove knihy.
Iain Hamilton Grant – BA Reading, MA, PhD Warwick, University of the West of England Bristol
‘transcendental materialism / neo-vitalism’
! venuje sa aj hist & phil of sci, phil of tech.
prelozil par knih Baudrillarda a Lyotarda.
breaktru 06 knihou Philosophies of Nature After Schelling (myslim ze Schelling zasadne spomina Ranciere pri aesthetical regime),
kde kritizuje filozofov snaziacich sa reverznut Platona – mali by radsej reverznut Kanta.
tiez dost kritizuje fil etiky a zivota v sucasnej kontinentalnej fil – ze davaju moc do popredia cloveka.
hlavny source: Plato & Schelling & Deleuze. anti Aristotle & Kant (realitu redukuju na ludsky pohlad).
+
Levi Bryant
Nick Srnicek
Ian Bogost
..

SPECULATIVE TURN reader (re.press 1/2011)
editori sa nikdy nestretli osobne (:

Intro [CORE] ***
quick hist of phil 1900s-2000s:
Heidegger & phenomenology; Derrida & Foucault (od late 70s); Deleuze (od smrti v mid-90s); Zizek a neskor aj Badiou (po smrti Derridu v 04);
tiez Latour (via OO ontologists Harman, Bryant, Bogost); Stengers (on Deleuze & Whitehead); Laruelle (non-philosophy, incl. cogn sci & neurophil);
v 02 DeLanda a Harman publikuju o realizme (Intensive Science & Tool-Being); mid-00s Meillassoux (After Finitude); SpecReal eventy 07 a 09
anti-realist trends @ phil incl. phenomenology, structuralism, post-structuralism, deconstruction, postmodernism.
teraz vid eko katastrofa alebo infiltration of tech into everyday (incl. bodies) – antirealizmus je neudrzatelny.
doteraz najma focus on texts, discourse, social practices, and human finitude — spec real na realitu ako taku.
SR vsetci uvazuju o realite inak ako cez myslenie a ludskost (napr textovu kritiku) – napr cez noumenal objects, causality-in-itself, neurovedu, matematicke absolutes, psychoanalyzu.
Speculation aims at something ‘beyond’ the critical and linguistic turns.
anti-realism found itself in trap of ‘correlationism’: ‘the idea according to which we only ever have access to the correlation between thinking and being, and never to either term considered apart from the other’.
povod v Kantovej kritickej filozofii (Kopernikovska revolucia: it is no longer the mind that conforms to objects, but rather objects that conform to the mind)
javy: preoccupation with such issues as death and
finitude, an aversion to science, a focus on language, culture, and subjectivity to the
detriment of material factors, an anthropocentric stance towards nature, a relinquish-
ing of the search for absolutes, and an acquiescence to the specific conditions of our historical thrownness. [p 4]
Zizek draws on the naturephilosophy of Schelling, the ontological vastness of Hegel, and the insights into the Real of Lacan.
@Parallax View 06:
??? ‘Materialism means that the reality I see is never “whole”—not because a large part of it eludes me, but be-
cause it contains a stain, a blind spot, which indicates my inclusion in it’.
Reality, he repeatedly states, is non-All; there is a gap, a stain, an irresolvable hole within reality
itself. The very difference between the for-itself and the in-itself is encompassed with-
in the Absolute. Only by attending to this gap can we become truly materialist. Žižek
has signalled a ‘transcendental materialist’ turn within recent continental thinking.
Badiou: ‘mathematics = ontology’ (@ Being and Event 05-EN), stavia ontologiu na teorii mnozin. matematika hovori o byti bez predikacii
Latour: ‘irreductionism’ – all entities are equally real (though not equally strong) insofar as they act on other entities.
Cybernetic Culture Research Unit, *late 90s, Sadie Plant & Nick Land @ Uni of Warwick, tiez Matthew Fuller, Kode 9, Kodwo Eshun, Mark Fisher.
coskoro presunuli mimo uni. publikuju Collapse (*9/06) a Pli – liahen fil realizmu a materializmu.
approved blogs (discussing/producing SR): Bryant (Larval Subjects), Srnicek (The Accursed Share and Speculative Heresy), Harman (Object-Oriented Philosophy), Another Heidegger Blog, Eliminative Culinarism, Immanence, Infinite Thought, Jon Cogburn’s Blog, K-Punk, Naught Thought, The Pinocchio Theory, Planomenology, Poetix, Rough Theory, and Splintering Bone Ashes.

sections (cmr = continental materialism and realism)
0 badiou uvadza socreal – chyba im th of ‘event’
1 spec realist conf 2
2 responses to ‘after finitude’
3 cmr and politics
4 new phil trends in metaphysics
5 cmr and science

@ part 1 – Grant [core] – ‘Does Nature Stay What It Is?’
kritizuje ‘materializmus’ Badioua a Zizeka (on cerpa z dynamist concept of matter & formal rather than material problem of Ground by Hindrichs);
a neo-Fichteanism kontinentalneho myslenia (napr Meillassoux, Zizek)
predtym Harman kritizuje G ze ‘podkopava’ objekty tym ze v nich hlada hlbsie materialne zaklady (Boha, fyzicke vlastnosti, pudy, predindividualno);
G na to: Harman is incapable of grasping the anteriority upon which both ideation and objects depend.
+
PSR = ?; by Leibniz
Ground = ?
kritizuje Newtonovsky dualizmus atomov a sil (ten vidno aj u ‘grounded’ power theorists @ phil of nature) ktory naraza pri metafyzike hmoty,
a konkretne pri koncepcii inertnej underlying substance.
cize chapu hmotu ako Aristoteles chape substanciu. z toho dualizmus (@ ontology of eliminative materialism), pritomny aj na SpecReal 2007 conf.
materializmus treba chapat ako ontologicku tezu – potom je vsetko materialne.
Hindrichs provides a functionalist model of the operation of grounding, which amounts to asserting the equivalence of ground, act and form.
conceptions of matter:
– substance
– dynamist – introduced into physics by Hans Christian Oersted in 1820 (@ exp demo of EM), but into philosophy by Plato.
[moc tazke, precitam neskor, vyzera byt zasadne]

@ part 2
Meillassouxovi zmietli nesmely navrh potreby (virtualneho) Boha;
a ze jeho uplne zavrhnutie kauzality a potreba kontingencie v prirode nie su zlucitelne, pretoze ta kontingencia v dosledku beztak implikuje kauzalitu alebo becoming.
ontologizuje Humeovi epistemologiu;
pletie si metafyzicku a natural necessity, co ho vedie k unjustifiable derivation of pure Chaos;
nerobi rozdiel medzi pure a applied matematikou, a kym reasoning bases on pure math, conclusions rozvadza siroko mimo nej;

@ part 3 – CHECK srnicek
Srnicek o tom ze via Laruelle’s non-phil (subjektivita ako formalistic procedure neredukovatelna na fenomenologicky/psych zaklad) sa da uniknut kapitalizmu,
ale ze realist ontology v sebe nemoze zahrnat grounds for eticku/politicku action (zbavuje iba kapitalistickej autority, ale nedava guidelines/imperatives dalej).

@ part 4
Meillassoux [core] robi rozdiel medzi ‘potencialitou’ a ‘virtualitou’ via Hume & Cantor.
Shaviro porovnava Harmana a Whiteheada – H’s non-relational ontology sux; H’s allure (linked to sublime) je aesth modernizmus, kym W’s beauty (‘the emergence of patterned contrasts’) je 21st c.
Harman [core]: Whitehead (like Latour) has an ontology of individual entities while Deleuze (like Bergson, Simondon, and Iain Hamilton Grant) do not view individuals as the basic personae of the world.
Latour [core] pise knihu o 14 modoch bytia via Souriau [tajne ich riesi od 1987] (do 2007 verejne nerobil phil rozdiel medzi phys/mental/animal/fictional actors), napr: phenomenon, thing, soul, fiction, God.

@ part 5
Protevi o Deleuzovom afekte via developmental systems theory, neurology and cognitive psychology,

conclusion
Zizek porovnava svoj materializmus s materializmami
scientific materialism (Darwinism, brain sciences),
‘discursive’ materialism (ideology as the result of material discursive practices),
Badiou’s ‘democratic materialism’ (the spontaneous egalitarian hedonism),
speculative.
only the assertion of the nature of reality as ‘non-All’ can sustain a truly materialist position.

SR future
teraz 4 hlavne debatne okruhy: politics/ethics, temporality, subjectivity/consciousness, and science/truth

In 755 AD, Mayan Priests prophesied that the total solar eclipse of July 11, 1991 would herald two life altering events for humankind –

Cosmic Awareness and Earth Changes. Shortly after 1:00 PM, on July 11, 1991, the prophecy seemingly began to unfold.

+

july 11, 1991 (7/11), Solar Eclipse, 100s of UFOs over MX, incl Mexico City, kde ich natocilo 17 ludi nezavisle na sebe = fears of US began

national MX TV broadcasted, US not.

US went to highest alert @ june 10, 2004 – massive fleet of UFOs @ Guadalajara, then ‘dimensionally returned’ to the ‘base’

od 2004 US vojna s UFOs based on or near the Continent of Antarctica, particularly the Southern Ocean.

12.12.2010 nad Chile

by sarah ellison.

vanity fair owned by conde (owns wired).

6/10 Nick Davies read a four-paragraph story in his own paper about the arrest of Manning. Davies resolved to find Assange.
At the time of his meeting with Davies, Assange had repeatedly voiced frustration that his leaks hadn’t received the attention they deserved.
in BXL, Davis and Traynor went to the Hotel Leopold, woke up Assange, and began a conversation that lasted for the next 6 hrs
4th cache contains the personal files of all prisoners who had been held at Guantánamo.
Assange got on the phone and explained, falsely, according to Davies, that “it was always part of the agreement that I would introduce television at this stage.” Davies and Assange have not spoken since that afternoon.
In 2009, Guardian and Observer lost £37.9 mln and cut 203 jobs. Even after the job cuts, the two papers employ 630 journalists.

takze nyt&spiegel dostali via guardian via h brooke:

In October, while The Guardian was preparing to publish the Iraq War Logs and working on package three, Heather Brooke, a British freelance journalist who had written a book on freedom of information, had a copy of the package-three database leaked to her by a former WikiLeaks volunteer. Leigh shrewdly invited Brooke to join the Guardian team. He did not want her taking the story to another paper. Furthermore, by securing the same database from a source other than Assange, The Guardian might then be free of its promise to wait for Assange’s green light to publish. Leigh got the documents from Brooke, and the paper distributed them to Der Spiegel and The New York Times. The three news organizations were poised to publish the material on November 8.

That was when Assange stormed into Rusbridger’s office, threatening to sue. Rusbridger, Leigh, and the editors from Der Spiegel spent a marathon session with Assange, his lawyer, and Hrafnsson, eventually restoring an uneasy calm. Some in the Guardian camp had wanted to break off relations with Assange entirely. Rusbridger somehow kept all parties at the table—a process involving a great deal of coffee followed by a great deal of wine. Ultimately he agreed to a further delay, allowing Assange time to bring in other media partners, this time France’s Le Monde and Spain’s El País.

Justice Department lawyers were likely crossing their fingers that Assange would be extradited to Sweden and convicted, so they won’t have to attempt a tricky prosecution.

“He is short of money and short of secrets,” someone who has worked extensively with Assange told me. “The whole thing has collapsed.”

Smári McCarthy, who worked for WikiLeaks, maintained that “key people have become very concerned about the direction of WikiLeaks with regard to its strong focus on U.S. military files at the expense of ignoring everything else.” One associate of Assange’s says that, because of these departures, access to important elements of the site’s infrastructure has deteriorated, although Assange himself remains the key architect of the complex set of programs that underlie WikiLeaks and its content.

Domscheit-Berg’s book accuses Assange of “high-handedness, dishonesty, and grave mistakes,” and quotes him as dismissing criticism from colleagues with the words “I’m busy, there are two wars I have to end.”

Rusbridger: “Managing a relationship between a French afternoon paper, a Spanish daily, a German weekly, a paper on NY time, and a bunch of anarchists in hiding is trying!”

Assange’s former associates, disillusioned, likens Assange’s situation to the last scene in George Orwell’s Animal Farm, where the pigs are shown to have become indistinguishable from the human beings they had rebelled against.

z Santner, Eric L – On Creaturely Life. Rilke, Benjamin, Sebald.pdf

[ch 1]
‘state of exception’ (o nej pisem v eseji 1) – sebald’s ‘creaturely life’ (@santner’s book), heidegger, agamben, rilke, benjamin (‘petrified unrest’)
~ how human bodies and psyches register the “states of exception” that punctuate the “normal” run of social and political life.
The “essential disruption” that renders man “creaturely” for these writers has, that is, a distinctly political—or better, biopolitical—
aspect; it names the threshold where life becomes a matter of politics and politics comes to inform the very matter and materiality of life.
(eg. German Jews)
[ch 3]
~ ‘undeadness’ – the space between real and symbolic death = ultimate domain of creaturely life.
@ Sebald: the vampire, the Wandering Jew, Kafka’s hunter Gracchus, and Balzac’s Colonel Chabert.
( + zizek’s exception book )
[ch 4]
“postmemory,” a term coined by Marianne Hirsch to capture the peculiarities of the memory of events that hover
between personal memory and impersonal history, events one has not lived through oneself but that, in large measure through exposure
to the stories of those who did experience them, have nonetheless entered into the fabric of the self.
/ oralne historie nezazitych velkych eventov (00s o 60s)
freud’s ‘uncanny’ = ?

z Kostelanetz, Richard – Conversing With Cage, 2nd ed (2003)

cage, 83
I’m on the side of keeping things mysterious, and I have never enjoyed
understanding things. If I understand something, I have no further use for it. So I try to make a
music which I don’t understand and which will be difficult for other people to understand, too.

cage, 85
I like art to remain mysterious. I find that as long as a book or a painting or a piece of music is
not understood by me that I can use it. I mean use it in order to employ my faculties. If I
understand something I can put it on a shelf and leave it there. In the past I thought it had to do
with the feeling in Europe of a tradition or the history, whereas we here in America have very
little sense of history.

!!! cage, 72
I have from time to time, either for myself or for others, made statements that are like manifestos.
You know this is popular in the field of the arts—to say in a manifesto-style statement what
distinguishes the contemporary or modern thing from what isn’t. The first time I was asked to do
it, I did it with regard to painting.
I said that a painting was modern if it was not interrupted by
the effect of its environment—so that if shadows or spots or so forth fell on a painting and spoilt
it, then it was not a modern painting, but if they fell on it and, so to speak, were fluent with it,
then it was a modern painting.
Then, of course, I have said the same thing about music. If the music can accept ambient sounds
and not be interrupted thereby, it’s a modern piece of music. If, as with a composition of
Beethoven, a baby crying, or someone in the audience coughing, interrupts the music, then we
know that it isn’t modern. I think that the present way of deciding whether something is useful as
art is to ask whether it is interrupted by the actions of others, or whether it is fluent with the
actions of others.
What I have been saying is an extension of these notions out of the field of the
material of the arts into what you might call the material of society. If, for instance, you made a
structure of society that would be interrupted by the actions of people who were not in it, then it
would not be the proper structure.
^ aliens, my art, open work, participative, ….theory building

cage, 77
I think the history of art is simply a history of getting rid of the ugly by entering into it, and using
it. After all, the notion of something outside of us being ugly is not outside of us but inside of us.
And that’s why I keep reiterating that we’re working with our minds. What we’re trying to do is
to get them open so that we don’t see things as being ugly, or beautiful, but we see them just as
they are.

cage, 66
Formerly, one was accustomed to thinking of art as something better organized than life that
could be used as an escape from life. The changes that have taken place in this century, however,
are such that art is not an escape from life, but rather an introduction to it.

cage, 1978 – on improvised jazz
Aside from the question of rhythmic regularity, one of the reasons for my reticence regarding
jazz has to do with its conception and use of improvisation. This matter of improvisation has
always greatly concerned me. What I have never appreciated in improvisation is the return to
memory or to taste: the return of things that have been learned or to which one has become
accustomed—sometimes consciously, deliberately, sometimes insidiously. Phrases thought to be
original are only articulations heard a long time ago. In improvisation, when you think you are
following your own direction, most of the time you are following someone else’s line. At the
most, that is not what bothers me so much as the desire for uniqueness that appears in the act of
improvising. Once you realize the number of obstacles and of more or less deliberate references
that the improviser is struggling with, you can only smile at the claim to originality. The desire
for originality seems to be one of the great myths of jazz (and of a good part of contemporary
music in the classic tradition as well, for that matter). And it seems that not even “free jazz”
escapes this. I am bothered by these disproportionate assertions of the ego when I hear them. For
my own part, I do not look for originality. Whether or not my music is original does not concern
me. I would prefer to find a music separate from my memory and my tastes, which would in
some way be a discovery for me, and that has nothing to do with originality, because intention is
not involved. (Originality is always an effort, a state of tension. ) With an open-mindedness
toward the unintentional sound, I want not to control sound events but simply at most to write
instructions. That is why I’m against improvisation as it is usually understood (even if I
sometimes use it, because nothing should be prohibited!). [..]
The problem that jazz raises for me, at the level of rhythm, I repeat, is that I am bothered by its
regularity. I prefer the rhythm of what I call silence where sound can be born at any time.

cage, 1979 – silence & there’s always sound
I made a decision in the early fifties to accept the sounds that are in the world. Before that I had
actually been naive enough to think there was such a thing as silence. But I went into an
anechoic chamber in Cambridge, at Harvard University, and in this room I heard two sounds. I
thought there was something wrong with the room, and I told the engineer that there were two
sounds. He said describe them, and I did. “Well, ” he said, “the high one was your nervous
system in operation and the low one was your blood circulating. ” So that means that there is
music, or there is sound, whether I intend it or not.

cage, 1979 – silence & composing
What silence is is the change of my mind. It’s an acceptance of the sounds that exist rather than a
desire to choose and impose one’s own music. That has been at the center of my work ever since
then. I try when I make a new piece of music to make it in such a way that it doesn’t essentially
disturb the silence which already exists.

via guy
nie hypoteza a dokazat ju, nie generalizovat, ale deskriptivne, opisat to co clovek vidi
a potom for ideas ktore emerged from the descriptions
neutekat za velkymi teoriami, ale drzat sa tych malych ktore vyvstavaju z mojich opisov
nemat na zaciatku kategorie, ale mat len descriptions, a z nich kategorie
generation of theory from data in the process of conducting research ~ pocas monoskop vyskumu som mal o vsetkom blogovat a mali mi vyvstavat otazky a male teorie
zo social sciences pochadza
“reverse engineered hypothesis” :)

by Glaser & Strauss, 1967, sociologists

In a way GT resembles what many researchers do when retrospectively formulating new hypotheses to fit data. However, in GT the researcher does not pretend to have formulated the hypotheses in advance since preformed hypotheses are prohibited.
Glaser: all is data
GT has the goal of generating concepts that explain people’s actions regardless of time and place. The descriptive parts of a GT are there mainly to illustrate the concepts.

If your research goal is accurate description, then another method should be chosen since GT is not a descriptive method. Instead it has the goal of generating concepts that explain people’s actions regardless of time and place. The descriptive parts of a GT are there mainly to illustrate the concepts.
In most behavioral research endeavors persons or patients are units of analysis, whereas in GT the unit of analysis is the incident.
When comparing many incidents in a certain area, the emerging concepts and their relationships are in reality probability statements.
A GT is never right or wrong, it just has more or less fit (ako blizko maju koncepty k udalostiam ktore reprezentuju), relevance, workability and modifiability.
GT is not concerned with data accuracy as in descriptive research but is about generating concepts that are abstract of time, place and people.

1. all is data
2. open / substantive coding – poznamky k naskumanym udalostiam, riadok po riadku, opakovane zgrupit do konceptov a tie porovnavat s udalostami a refinovat ich
3. selective coding – nan prist ked som nasiel ‘tentative core’ (core variable), potom core guiding my coding. nevsimat si moc koncepty ktore sa jadra a podjadier netykaju. teda theoretical sampling – deduktivna cast GT
4. theoretical codes – pogrupovat fragmentarne koncepty do hypotez
5. memoing – core stage of GT. “Memos are the theorizing write-up of ideas about substantive codes and their theoretically coded relationships as they emerge during coding, collecting and analyzing data, and during memoing”. Memoing is total creative freedom without rules of writing, grammar or style.
6. sorting – memos are sorted, which is the key to formulate the theory for presentation to others. lots of new ideas emerge, which in turn are recorded in new memos
7. writing – The theoretical density should be dosed so concepts are mixed with description in words, tables, or figures to optimize readability. In the later rewriting the relevant literature is woven in to put the theory in a scholarly context.
No pre-research literature review [naive? risk of rediscovering the theories]. The literature shThis leads to a research practice where data sampling, data analysis and theory development are not seen as distinct and disjunct, but as different steps to be repeated until one can describe and explain the phenomenon that is to be researched. This stopping point is reached when new data does not change the emerging theory anymore.ould instead be read in the sorting stage being treated as more data to code and compare with what has already been coded and generated.
No taping (and transcribing) interviews – waste of time. staci field-noting interviews.
No talk. Talking about the theory before it is written up drains the researcher of motivational energy. Talking about the GT should be restricted to persons capable of helping the researcher without influencing her final judgments.

The research principle behind grounded theory is neither inductive nor deductive, but combines both in a way of abductive reasoning (coming from the works of Charles Sanders Peirce).
This leads to a research practice where data sampling, data analysis and theory development are not seen as distinct and disjunct, but as different steps to be repeated until one can describe and explain the phenomenon that is to be researched. This stopping point is reached when new data does not change the emerging theory anymore.

STANDARDY, SLUZBY

= preco tie veci vznikli a co bol pre ne impulz a co sa riesilo pri ich vzniku

+ nelson–chcel kliky za kredity

+ gnu–odpoved na to, ked apple zacal distribuovat SW bez zdrojakov (dovtedy otvoreny kod–SW sa nepredaval)

+ email

+ bbs

+ html
========1993=========

+ www–Lee v CERNe od 89, naplno v 93 po spoplatneni Gophera a s launchom grafickeho Mosaicu (vyvinuli v labe v Illinois vdaka Goreovmu grantu)=>top inet protokol, potom *94 W3C v MIT (ked Lee odisiel z CERNu; s podporou DARPA a EU)

========1995/96=========

+ php–v 94 Lendorf (4 etznab XII, gronec, v 93 skoncil system engineering vo Waterloo), povodne na jeho homepage (Personal Home Page)–kde PHPckom (v Ccku) nahradil Perl skript, ktorym updatoval svoje CV a navstevnost, neskor pridal databazy a dynamiku, v lete 95 to pustil von na debugging, PHP license (compatible w/ GPL), spravil prve 2 verzie, potom prebrali vedenie vyvoja izraelci Gutmans a Suraski, v 97 prepisali parser, a neskor aj jadro, potom zalozili Zend

+ mysql–vyvijany svedskou firmou MySQL AB–teraz pod Sun, ktory vlastni copyright na vacsinu jadra(?), ale je pod GPL, prva verzia v 95. v praxi: drupal, joomla!, wordpress, mediawiki, flickr, facebook, google, youtube
+ apache–webserver, najprv McCool ktory robil pre NCSA HTTPd (v Illinois), odkial odisiel v polke 94, dalej nadviazali patchmi dalsi koderi, ktori neskor vytvorili Apache Group, skupina ho volala “a patchy server”. prva verzia v 95, povodne alternativa k Netscape webserveru (dnes Sun Java webserver), od 96 najpopularnejsi webserver na www, v Ccku, dnes 50% vsetkych webov. vlastna (Apache) licencia, ktora neni kompatibilna s GPL. Apache Group presla v 99 na neziskovku Apache SW Foundation (“decentralized community of developers”, meritocracy, ApacheCon kazdy rok).

+ css–pocas vzniku w3c, 9 navrhov na w3c liste, presli dva–dvaja nori (Lie+Bos) sa spojili (jeden je top v Opere, druhy CSS/W3C), rozvijane vo working grupe v w3c, launch v 95, ale plny adapt do browsrov az v 00, css2 98 (ma positioning) stale neni plny

+ javascript–typek v Netscape, 95, Netscape ho spustil s javou

+ xml–je specifikacia pre tvorbu vlastnych markup jazykov(xhtml,rss,atd), od late 80s SGML, do W3C to v 95 priniesol Dan Connolly, od mid-96 Bosak v Sune sa obklopil ludmi zo SGML aj webu, zrobila ho 11-clenna skupina (len emaily a teleconf) + 150 poradna skupina, hlavni editori Tim Bray (6 cauac 55) a Michael Sperberg-McQueen, prva verzia v 96, W3C ho spustila v 98
+ google–Brin(7 oc* VIII 73 le, rodicia vedci emigrovali z Ruska ked mal 6yr lebo otec Zid, montessori ZS, comp sci+math Bc Maryland, v 95 comp sci MA Stanford)+Page(2 ik I 73 ar, syn pocitacoveho vedca a programatorky, matka Zidovka, montessori ZS, comp eng BC Michigan, v 95 comp sci MA Stanford, v PhD riesil linkovanie na webe–s ohladom na akademicke citacie), stretli sa ako PhD studaci v 95 na Stanforde, vymysleli PageRank alg pre urcovanie dolezitosti stranok, napisali spolu zasadny paper “The Anatomy of a Large-Scale Hypertextual Web Search Engine”, a v 96 prva verzia googla–na webe Stanfordu, Google inc *98, v 01 najali noveho sefa Schmidta, Brin je proti cenzure v cinskom Googli. rozbehli 00 Adwords, 04 Gmail, 06 Google Maps, 07 Google Reader, 08 Google Chrome. kupili 03 Blogger, 03+07 AdSense (3 mld), 04 Picasa, 06 Google Docs, 06 Youtube (1.6 mld), 07 Jaiku.
========1999=========

+ blogy/blogger/blogspot/livejournal–Brad Fitzgerald (12 lamat* 80 aq, MA comp sci Seattle) spustil LiveJournal (FLOSS, podobna WELLu, ma SNS featury) v 3/99 aby jeho SS-spoluziaci vedeli co robi, v 05 predal firmu pre Six Apart, z tej odisiel v 07, teraz je v Googli; slovo+sloveso blog (z “we-blog”) spopularizovala firma Pyra Labs (Evan Williams–6 ik XI 72 ar, podnikatel, zije v SF; spolu s Meg Hourihan–spoluzakladatelka–Kottkeho zena & Paul Bausch–koder)–v 8/99 spustili servis Blogger–najprv uplne free a no revenue model, az firme vyschli vrecka, z-ci robili mesiace zadara, az nastal masovy odchod (vratane Hourihan), a nechali v tom Williamsa sameho, podrzala ho investicia z Trellixu, potom spustil advertising-supported Blogspot a Blogger Pro, v 02 kompletne prepisany kod, aby ho mohli licencovat inym firmam; v 03 ich kupil Google–vtedy mala firma 6 ludi, v 04 odtial Williams odisiel a zalozil firmu Odeo (podcasting), potom Obvious–tam aj Twitter
+ rss (vs typek z OAI)–99-01 ho spravil Guha v Netscape pre ich web, ale novy majitel AOL to vyhodil, potom komplikovane, tri subjekty to riesili paralelne (Winer/UserLand+Berkman Center, RSS-DEV[Guha]+O’Reilly, Atom), rss2 v 02, oranz.ikona od 05 v browsroch

========2003=========

+ trackback/backlinks–s trackbackom prisiel Movable Type v 02, nepodporuje ho Blogger (ten ma backlinks–which allow users to employ Google’s search infrastructure to show links between blog entries–??)

+ wordpress–povodne b2\cafelog–written in PHP+MySQL by Michel Valdrighi, potom par mesiacov vypadok vyvoja, v 03 sa ho chopil Mullenweg (4 akbal* III 84 cp, artova SS–hra na jazzovy saxik, v 04 spustil Ping-O-Matic ktory informuje search enginy o blog updatoch, v 04 odisiel z VS v Houstone do SF robit pre CNET–tam do 05, v 05 vypustil Akismet proti comment/trackback spamu, v 05 zalozil firmu Automattic), k nemu sa hned pripojil Mike Little, a potom aj sam Valdrighi, WordPress *03, v 03 na nom bezi 2000 blogov, v 04 je Movable Type spoplatnena (neskor to Six Apart olutovali a vratili sa ku GPL), ludia masovo prechadzaju na WordPress, v 06 prva WP conf v style Barcamp
+ myspace–lahky upload mp3, zrobilo ho par z-cov eUniverse po spusteni Friendstera v 02, mali za chrbtom firmu takze nemali start-up probs; the project was overseen by Brad Greenspan (eUniverse’s Founder, Chairman, CEO), who managed Chris DeWolfe (66, MySpace’s starting CEO), Josh Berman, Tom Anderson (71, MySpace’s starting president, Bc rhetorics+english Berkeley, MA film-critical studies LA, “Tom”–to je asi len PR tah), and a team of programmers and resources provided by eUniverse. snazili sa razit mytus o garazovej firme, ale bola to premyslena PR kampan na prebratie Friendstera. The very first MySpace users were eUniverse employees; the company held contests to see who could sign-up the most users; the company then used its resources to push MySpace to the masses. eUniverse used its 20 million users and e-mail subscribers to quickly breathe life into MySpace, and move it to the head of the pack of social networking websites; a key architect was tech expert __Toan Nguyen__ who helped stabilize the MySpace platform when Brad Greenspan asked him to join the team. spusteny v 03, v 05 ich kupil News Corp (Murdoch)–ziskali tiez kontrolu nad adminovym/”Tom”ovym accountom; v 06 Greenspan vydal “MySpace Report”–“News Corp’s acquisition of MySpace as is one of the largest merger and acquisition scandals in U.S. history” & News Corp should have valued MySpace at US$20 billion rather than US$327 million; v 6/06 najpopularnejsi SNS v USA, dnes 300 z-cov, HQ v Beverly Hills (spolu s Foxom), v 06 UK verzia, neskor cinska. http://www.valleywag.com/tech/myspace/myspace-the-business-of-spam-20-exhaustive-edition-199924.php

+ last.fm–02, audioscrobbler–projekt Richarda Jonesa na comp sci skole v Southamptone, last.fm zacalo v 02 ako internet radio a music community site (Felix Miller, Martin Stiksel, Saulyus Chyamolonskas, Michael Breidenbruecker and Thomas Willomitzer)–useri si mohli customizovat cez love/ban profily, nominovane na Prix AE v 03, last.fm uzko spolupracovalo s audioscrobbler od 03–spolocny ofis vo Whitechapel/London, v 05 zlucili aj sajty, v 06 spustili japoncinu a neskor dalsie jazyky, rozne hudobne ceny, 5/07 ich kupilo CBS Interactive za 280m USD, mgmt team ostal, imeem.com ma ale ovela viac userov. funded from the sale of online advertising space, monthly user subscriptions and donations (prvy dar v 04 od investicneho bankara Petra Gardnera; potom Stefan Glaenzer, Joi Ito, Reid Hoffman; v 06 prvy venture capital od Index Ventures). v 2008 maju 82 z-cov v East London

+ del.icio.us–The precursor to Delicious was Muxway, a link blog that had grown out of a text file that Schachter maintained to keep track of links related to Memepool (*98 multi-autor blog s linkami). founded by Joshua Schachter (74, BS electrical/comp engineer Pittsburgh) in 9/03 and acquired by Yahoo! in 12/05 (30m USD), 5mil+ users v 2008, HQ Santa Clara/California,

========2004=========

+ rubyonrails–was extracted by David Heinemeier Hansson (3 men 79 li, DK, Bc comp sci+biz admin, v 05 odisiel do Chicaga) from his work on Basecamp, a project management tool by 37signals, prvy release v 04, bezi na Mongrel/Apache+CGI/atd, vystup v HMTL aj XML, extensive use of JavaScript libraries Prototype and Script.aculo.us for Ajax, MIT license, od 07 sucast Mac OS X, TM vlastni ten typek a nepusti logo tam kde nema sam prsty
+ gmail–*04, 1gb mail storage,handling mailov podla topicov(na sposob komentarov k clankom)

========2006=========

+ twitter~microblogging–users can receive updates via the Twitter website, SMS, RSS, email or through an application such as Tweetie, TwitterFon, Twitterrific, Feedalizr or Facebook; *06 Founded by Jack Dorsey (koncept), Biz Stone and Evan Williams (Blogger); zacalo ako R&D v Odeone; napisany v Ruby on Rails (kvoli rychlosti zvazovali presun na PHP alebo Javu, ale nakoniec nie), HQ v SF, najprv pouzivali z-ci vnutri firmy Obvious, potom von v 10/06, v 07 firma Twitter–CEO Dorsey–od 08 Williams, EN verzia bez reklam, ale JP verzia je s reklamami, su len 2 jazykove verzie, inonarodne ich predbiehaju
+ flickr–lahky multiupload jpg

+ youtube–dvaja typci z paypal,rychly stream videi

+ (secondlife)
+ flash

+ facebook–v 4/08 predbehol myspace

www

the World Wide Web was begun in 1989 by English scientist Tim Berners-Lee, working at the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) in Geneva, Switzerland. In 1990, he proposed building a “web of nodes” storing “hypertext pages” viewed by “browsers” on a network,[1] and released that web in 1992.

http://www.w3.org/Proposal.html

In March 1989, Berners-Lee wrote a proposal[4] which referenced ENQUIRE and described a more elaborate information management system. With help from Robert Cailliau, he published a more formal proposal (on November 12, 1990) to build a “Hypertext project” called “WorldWideWeb” (one word, also “W3”)[1] as a “web of nodes” with “hypertext documents” to store data.

The proposal had been modeled after EBT’s (Electronic Book Technology, a spin-off from the Institute for Research in Information and Scholarship at Brown University) Dynatext SGML reader that CERN had licensed. The Dynatext system, although technically advanced (a key player in the extension of SGML ISO 8879:1986 to Hypermedia within HyTime), was considered too expensive and with an inappropriate licensing policy for general HEP (High Energy Physics) community use: a fee for each document and each time a document was charged.

By Christmas 1990, Berners-Lee had built all the tools necessary for a working Web:[5] the first Web browser (which was a Web editor as well), the first Web server, and the first Web pages[6] which described the project itself.

facebook
it’s closed system like skype or icq (you have to ‘register’),
but function-wise it is state-of-the-art tool regarding online
communication–it’s instant, and if you decide that you want to
use it for work rather than fun, it provides
pretty well developed collaborative environment:
it’s profile-based (either individual or group or event, etc),
and you post short or long statements or images or videos
(you can also share your calendar for instance),
and get news feed from everyone in your ‘friends’ list.
i want to explore what and (technically) what way you
can export data outside.
saw already many artists, activists and cultural people
use it a lot.
and you dont come into contact with dumb content coming
from people you dont know–only stuff from ‘friends’
is being filtered into your pages (plus horrible ads on
the side).
+
there’s pretty strong users’ pressure in cases when facebook inc
is taking stupid (and very predictable) steps against privacy,
usually they step back.
+
i hate revealing my personal stuff and supporting corporate
services of neoliberals (facebook is as ruthless
as microsoft), same like in case of mobile network providers,
or of skype, or of being hosted by webhosting companies
(in recent years it is better-hosted by friends and transparent
organisations), or of being connected to internet by private
telecom companies..
but emails and messengers and blogs are just not keeping
up with the progress on the side of technical possibilities..
and FLOSS social-networking-applications are only in
very early phases, like http://riseuplabs.org/crabgrass/
or http://elgg.org/ — i installed elgg on Multiplace server,
but it is still very primitive.. they still need several
years for development.. i think of these as the communication
tools at first place (in the context of email/skype/cellphone/
messaging/wiki).. what still remains is a question whether
we want to be creative with this ‘social-web’ craziness in any way..

Hlina 70 li 1 caban VIII lipt.mikulas, občiansky aktivista a podnikateľ, ako nezávislý.
Vasaryova 48 vi 13 oc VII, Poslankyňa Bratislavského samosprávneho kraja, za stredopravú koalíciu SDKÚ, SaS, KDH, Most-Híd a OKS
Ftacnik 56 sc 8 men XIII, Úradujúci starosta Petržalky, ako nezávislý, s podporou Smeru
Budaj 52 aq 2 ben* V, mestský poslanec, za BA koalíciu Zmena zdola, Demokratickú úniu a Demokratickú stranu
/ moderuje blascak 1 oc IX (debata @a4 zajtra)

postava zuckerberga dobre zahrana, storka postavena na dvojitom
sudnom spore, ilustrovanom casovymi vyletmi do zobjektivizovanej
minulosti (teda nie cez pohlady postav), toz fadna, ale nenapadlo
ma ako by sa dal masovy film o fb spravit inak. neadresovana
ochrana sukromia vobec, ani ine user-issues, a zuckerberg
z toho vyliezol ako gates of 2000s – nerdie unsexi college
superkid skyrocketed to ambivalently beloved zillionair (obdivovany
kvoli uspechu, nenavideny kvoli bezohladnosti), akurat tech
turn vystriedany social turnom. filmpostupy po technickej stranke
hromadka klise, washed out hollywood (aj ked psychologizacia
celkom dobre zvladnuta), film som bral viacmenej len
faktograficky ako epizodnu entrepreneurial lekciu z historie
internetu, napr som nevedel ze spoluzakladatel napstru (sean
parker) hral vo fb rolu – zohnal im prvu angel investiciu,
vytlacil z pozicie financneho riaditela s ktorym zuckerberg
fb rozbiehal, a pritiahol ich z cambridge do SF

zuckerberg vyviazol dobre, v podstate mu su
priznane len tri zakopnutia – uvodne fiasko s univerzitnym
webom hodnotenia atraktivity spoluziacok; prebratie idey
harvard-based socialnej siete od trojice harvard studentov;
a podraz svojho ‘jedineho priatela’ v opantani parkerom…
etickych/moralnych preslapov musel pri takej skale projektu
ale spravit ovela viac, hadam aj zavaznejsich.

plus gycova pointa – chalan ktory rozbehol siet s 500 mil
uzivatelmi mal jedineho priatela ktoreho podrazil a s ktorym
sa sudi; a stale tuzi po svojej laske ktoru verejne pospinil.

v podstate pomerne predvidatelne

———–

mark zuckerberg 84 ta 10 cimi [hra ho 83 li 10 chicchan].
Mother psychiatrist, father dentist. Parents Jewish, he considers himself an atheist.
eduardo saverin 82 pi 4 ahau. CFO. Chceli ho zodrat z 34 na 0.03, nakoniec vlastni 5%.
His father in export+real estate. Jew. S markom friends ako freshman. *fb ako sophomore, leto po zalozeni – hadka. [hra ho 3 cauac VIII]
sean parker 79 sa 13 kan VI. Napster spustil rok po skonceni strednej skoly (Fanningova [3 etznab sa 80] idea, Parker sa kvoli tomu
prestahoval za nim do SF, to bol prvykrat mimo domu vobec. ale aj na wikipedii zahmlene, zoznamili sa online ked mal Fanning 15,
Parker 14, pocas procesov ho z firmy vytlacili Fanningovi pravnici), predtym v 16tich odsudeny na communitywork za hacking.
Kodovat ho ucil otec od 7yr. S FB len cca rok dlha epizoda – od leta 04, vytlacil Saverina, dosadil sa ako President, vyoutoval sa
po kokain party v 05. Predtym v 02 spustil socialweb neskor integrovany do MS Outlooku. Party animal.
Ledva dokoncil hi school, astma od detstva, autodidakt, otec US gov oceanographer, mama TV-ad broker. Zuckerberg s nim vraj stale konzultuje ?!
http://www.vanityfair.com/culture/features/2010/10/sean-parker-201010
[hra ho Timberlake 81 aq 8 lamat I]
peter thiel 67 DE-moved to US – paypal co-founder, prva angel investicia do thefacebook. Chess master. Openly gay. NYC based.
In late 2004, Thiel made a $500,000 angel investment in Facebook for 5.2% of the company.
Thiel is listed as a member of the Steering Committee of The Bilderberg Group.
screenplay: aaron sorkin 61 ge 13 caban, hollywoody pise len, incl a few good men 92
FB++
Gideon Yu (investor, odisiel z FB v 09),
Chris Hughes (koder?, co-founder, 83 sc 10 caban, 12% teraz, v 08 viedol Obamovi online kampan),
Chris Kelly (zodpovedny za privacy policy na FB),
Ted Ullyot (lawyer, od 08, riesi privacy issues),
Dustin Moskovitz (koder! co-founder, teraz vedie tech staff, 6%).

FB shareholders
Mark Zuckerberg owns 24% of the company, Accel Partners owns 10%, Dustin Moskovitz owns 6%, Digital Sky Technologies owns 5%, Eduardo Saverin owns 5%, Sean Parker owns 4%, Peter Thiel owns 3%, Greylock Partners and Meritech Capital Partners own between 1 to 2% each, Microsoft owns 1.3%, Li Ka-shing owns 0.75%, the Interpublic Group owns less than 0.5%, a small group of current and former employees and celebrities own less than 1% each, including Matt Cohler, Jeff Rothschild, California U.S. Senator Barbara Boxer, Chris Hughes, and Owen Van Natta, while Reid Hoffman and Mark Pincus have sizable holdings of the company, and the remaining 30% or so are owned by employees, undisclosed number of celebrities, and outside investors

film technicky aj atmosferou genericky washed out hollywood, takze som ho bral viacmenej len faktograficky.
zuckerberg ale dobre zahrany. vysiel z toho dobre, v podstate mu su vo filme priznane len tri zakopnutia – uvodne fiasko s uni webom hodnotenim zien, ukradnutie idei harvard-based socialnej siete (mal povodne iny plan?), a podraz svojho ‘jedineho priatela’ v opantani parkerom, etickych/moralnych preslapov musel ale spravit viac.
o napster typovi som nevedel.
gycova pointa – chalan ktory rozbehol siet s 500 mil uzivatelmi mal jedineho priatela ktoreho podrazil a s ktorym sa sudi; a stale tuzi po svojej laske ktoru verejne pospinil.
lessigova kritika – rola v internetu v uspesnom rychlom raste podcenena – fincher to podla neho nepochopil.
/ fb spusteny zaciatkom 04
? preco musi nakoniec pristupit na vyrovnanie? (RECHECK)
? recenzie na knihu accidental billionaries = vela chyb
? poslal policiu na parkera/kokain zuckerberg?
/ suvislost: v Norsku a Svedsku peoples’ taxes online

zmeskanych uvodnych 15 minut:
In 2003, Harvard University student Mark Zuckerberg gets the idea to create a website to rate the attractiveness of female Harvard undergraduates after his girlfriend Erica Albright breaks up with him. Mark hacks into the databases of various residence halls and downloads pictures and names. Using an algorithm supplied by his best friend Eduardo Saverin, Mark creates a page called “FaceMash”, where male students choose which of two girls is more

attractive.
Mark is punished with six months of academic probation after the traffic to the site crashes parts of Harvard’s network, and becomes vilified among most of Harvard’s female community. However, the popularity of “FaceMash” and the fact that he created it in one night, while drunk, brings him to the attention of Cameron Winklevoss and Tyler Winklevoss, identical twins and members of Harvard’s rowing team, and their business partner Divya Narendra.

11:40 < barak> vcera som videl social network, zuckerberg dobre zahrany, storka
postavena na dvojitom sudnom spore, ilustrovanom casovymi
vyletmi do zobjektivizovanej minulosti (teda nie cez pohlady
postav), toz fadna, ale nenapadlo ma ako by sa dal masovy film o
fb spravit inak. neadresovana ochrana sukromia vobec, ani ine
user-issues, a zuckerberg z toho vyliezol ako gates of 2000s –
nerdie unsexi college superkid skyrocketed to ambivalently
beloved zillionair (obdivovany kvoli uspechu, nenavideny kvoli
bezohladnosti), akurat tech turn vystriedany social turnom.
filmpostupy hromadka klise, film som bral viacmenej len
faktograficky ako epizodnu entrepreneurial lekciu z historie
internetu
11:41 < barak> v podstate komplet predvidatelne
11:42 < wao> zillionair (obdivovany
11:42 < wao> neprislo cele :)
11:42 -!- Irssi: Pasting 5 lines to #tlis.sk. Press Ctrl-K if you wish to do
this or Ctrl-C to cancel.
11:42 < barak> zillionair (obdivovany kvoli uspechu, nenavideny kvoli
bezohladnosti), akurat tech turn vystriedany social turnom.
filmpostupy hromadka klise, film som bral viacmenej len
faktograficky ako epizodnu entrepreneurial lekciu z historie
internetu
11:44 < ach> barak: a boli tam nejake nahe baby?
11:44 < barak> zakladatel napstru snupal lajnu z pupku fanynky
11:45 < barak> inak o nom som nevedel ze hral vo fb rolu
11:45 < barak> parker
11:46 < wao> napster druhykrat spomenuty na tomto chane za relativne kratku
dobu! :)
11:46 < barak> zohnal im prvu angel investiciu, vytlacil z pozicie financneho
riaditela s ktorym zuckerberg fb rozbiehal, a pritiahol ich z
harvardu do SF

Rolling Stone:
The Social Network is the movie of the year. But Fincher and Sorkin triumph by taking it further.
Lacing their scathing wit with an aching sadness, they define the dark irony of the past decade.

Sean Parker:
/
One day—in a scene fictionalized in The Social Network—Parker saw Thefacebook, as it was then known, on the computer of his roommate’s girlfriend, a student at Stanford. (In the movie, he gets his first peek after spending the night with a woman whose name he barely knows.)
^ toto bola dost nasilna nepodarena scena/sposob ako vtiahnut parkera do deja
/
Matt Cohler, who joined Thefacebook shortly after Parker, is awed when he thinks about that pivotal e-mail. “Napster and Facebook are two of the most significant companies in the history of the Internet,” he says, “and in both cases Parker spotted them earlier than anyone—other than the people who invented them.”
/
Parker impulsively flew to New York, where he met Zuckerberg for dinner, and the two quickly bonded. A few months later, in June 2004, they ran into each other on the streets of Palo Alto, where Parker, unemployed (but still driving around in a BMW 5-series), was living with yet another girlfriend.
/
Says Moskovitz (fb co-founder), known for his dry humor, “Sean probably deserves less credit for turning Facebook into what it is than he thinks he does, but also more credit than anybody else thinks he does.”
/
In the financing that Parker negotiated with Thiel, as well as a much larger deal signed seven months later with the Accel Partners venture-capital firm, Parker was able to negotiate for Zuckerberg something almost unheard of in a venture-funded start-up: absolute control for the entrepreneur. Because of that, Zuckerberg, to this day, allocates three of Facebook’s five board seats (including his own). Without that control, Facebook would almost certainly have been sold to either Yahoo or Microsoft, whose C.E.O., Steve Ballmer, offered $15 billion for it in the fall of 2007—only to be met with a blank stare from the then 23-year-old Zuckerberg.
/
On a kiteboarding trip to North Carolina in 2005 he was arrested during a party at his rental house on suspicion of cocaine possession. Though he was never formally charged, some of Facebook’s investors and employees felt Parker could no longer effectively serve as company president. With much anguish, he agreed to depart.
/
divides his nights between a San Francisco apartment and a palatial (rented) New York town house.
/
The Parker of the script is also greedy, which is not Sean Parker’s big issue. More than money, he wants credit and recognition.

They comprise the ultimate YouTube playlist: a selection of the most unique, innovative, groundbreaking video work being created and distributed online during the past two years.

12:21 < barak> pash u googenheima http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NmPKT4qTrQY
12:24 < ach> barak: tie posledne dve su super
12:30 < ach> barak:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0DVN4m41QCE&feature=player_embedded#! super
komentare od cechov :)
12:34 < pht_> j tak to uz len otazka casu kym dostane ‘best new track’ na
spomalene shangaan electro
12:35 < pht_> hajpa hajpa
12:39 < barak> milos vojtechovsky: dobre, i kdyz ta guggenheimova soutez vypada
jako uplna kravina, jak se prave ujistuji
12:48 < ach> barak: samotne su tie videa fajn, len nerozumiem o co presne im
ide :)
12:51 < barak> videam alebo organizatorom akcie?
12:52 < ach> organizatorom
12:52 < barak> hierarchizovat horizontalny obsah
12:52 < barak> via modernisticka idea umenia
12:53 < barak> ako vrcholu spolocenskej aktivity
12:54 < barak> a vyberom youtube platformy legitimizovat svoje biele steny pre
21. storocie )
12:55 < ach> palo ti dal preprint svojho clanku na tuto temu?
12:55 < barak> vsetky tri strany (umelci, youtube aj guggenheim) maju myslim
celkom lahko citatelne dovody..
12:55 < barak> pise? nedal, vsak daj
12:55 < ach> pardon, to bol zart!
12:55 < barak> aha haha
12:55 < barak> ci co sa da ine o tom mysliet?
12:56 < ach> neviem, mozme skusit alternativnu interpretaciu podla toho kto je
v porote
12:57 < ach> laurie anderson a animal collective si hladaju novych reziserov
pre videoklipy
12:57 < ach> aronofsky potrebuje kameramana
12:57 < barak> v porote nejake nezname mena vyznamnych kuratorov
12:58 < barak> to by nesli cez guggenheim

Bennett iview, 2010
=
your student’s question: “How can we account for something like iterable structures in an assemblage theory?” is exactly the right question. I’m working on it!
(ale deleuze to tam ma popisane)
+
problem vytvarania podobnosti:
it is easy to get carried away and 1) forget that analogies are slippery and often misleading because they can highlight (what turn out to be) insignificant or non-salient-to-the-task-at-hand resemblances, 2) forget that your body-and-its-operations is not an ideal or pinnacle of evolution, but just the body you have; 3) forget that the human body is itself a composite of many different it-bodies, including bacteria, viruses, metals, etc. and that when we recognize a resemblance between a human form and a nonhuman one, sometimes the connecting link is a shared inorganicism. I think that anthropomorphizing can be a valuable technique for building an ecological sensibility in oneself, but of course it is insufficient to the task.
+
I also suggest that a heightened sensitivity to the agency of assemblages could translate into a national politics that was not so focused around a juridical model of moral responsibility, blame, and punishment.

Bennett, Edible Matter
=
In this essay, I seek to bring to the fore this vital power as it exists within
nonhuman ‘actants’.3 Bruno Latour defines an actant as ‘something that
acts or to which activity is granted by others. It implies no special motivation
of human individual actors, nor of humans in general.’4 Proceeding
from this definition, I will horizontalize the relations between humans,
biota and abiota—presenting all of them as actors vying for efficacy.

Until recently, two main parties@Eur: a right-of-centre party (Christian Democrat, liberal-conservative, people’s) and a left-of-centre party (socialist, social-democratic); then smaller parties (ecologists, communists).
There is now one predominant centrist party that stands for global capitalism, usually with a liberal cultural agenda (for example, tolerance towards abortion, gay rights, religious and ethnic minorities). Opposing this party is an increasingly strong anti-immigrant populist party which, on its fringes, is accompanied by overtly racist neofascist groups.
PL (Tusk’s christdem lib conserv Civic Platform 42% vs Kaczynski’s national conserv Christian Law & Justice 32, 10/07),
NL (Rutte’s cons lib VVD 21% vs Wilders’ right populist PVV 16 vs Cohen’s socdem PvdA 20, 7/10),
NO (Stoltenberg’s socdem Labour 32% vs Jensen’s populist lib Progress 22 vs Solberg’s lib cons Conservative 14, 9/05) – ale lava vlada,
SW (Sahlin’s SocDem 31% vs Reinfeldt’s lib conserv Moderate Party 31, potom daleko nic, 9/10),
HU (Orban’s conserv christdem national Fidesz 53% vs Vona’s radical nationalist Jobbik 17 vs Mesterhazy’s socdem MSZP 17, potom len pod 10, 4/10)

we are entering a new epoch in which crisis – or, rather, a kind of economic state of emergency, with its attendant need for all sorts of austerity measures (cutting benefits, diminishing health and education services, making jobs more temporary) is permanent. Crisis is becoming a way of life.
After 1990 we entered a new era in which the predominant form of the exercise of state power became a depoliticised expert administration and the co-ordination of interests. The only way to introduce passion into this kind of politics, the only way to actively mobilise people, is through fear: the fear of immigrants, the fear of crime, the fear of godless sexual depravity, the fear of the excessive state (with its burden of high taxation and control), the fear of ecological catastrophe, as well as the fear of harassment (political correctness is the exemplary liberal form of the politics of fear).

What is increasingly emerging as the central human right in late-capitalist societies is the right not to be harassed, which is the right to be kept at a safe distance from others.

The contemporary redefinition of politics as the art of expert administration as politics without politics? This leads us to today’s tolerant liberal multiculturalism as an experience of the Other deprived of its Otherness – the decaffeinated Other.

After righteously rejecting direct populist racism as “unreasonable” and unacceptable for our democratic standards, they endorse “reasonably” racist protective measures: “We grant ourselves permission to applaud African and east European sportsmen, Asian doctors, Indian software programmers. We don’t want to kill anyone, we don’t want to organise any pogrom. But we also think that the best way to hinder the always unpredictable violent anti-immigrant defensive measures is to organise a reasonable anti-immigrant protection.” barbarism with a human face. It reveals the regression from the Christian love of one’s neighbour back to the pagan privileging of our tribe versus the barbarian Other.

born 29 Reims.fr, father- civil servant, studied German at Sorbonne, phd: “Thèse de troisième cycle: Le Système des objets” (66, under Lefebvre), habilitation: “L’Autre par lui-même” (72)
prof of German in Lycee 58-66, prof of sociology at uni of Nanterre 72-87, prof of phil of culture and media criticism at European Graduate School 01-
scientific director at IRIS at uni de Paris Dauphine 86-90

the mirror of production (75)
simulacres et simulation (81)
the gulf war did not take place (95)
+
america (86)

Instead of having experiences, people observe spectacles, via real or metaphorical control screens.
Instead of the real, we have simulation and simulacra.

4 logics of objects = 4 categories for value of commodities:
– functional value = Marx’ use value, “a pen writes”, “diamond ring adorning otherwise empty hand”
– exchange value, economic value, “a pen is worth three pencils”, “diamond ring as 3 months’ salary”
– symbolic exchange value, value in relation to another subject, “pen as a graduation present or speaker’s gift”, “diamond ring as love between 2 individuals”
– sign exchange value, value in system of objects, “pen as a part of desk set, or particular pen as a social status”, “biggest diamond ring as a highest social status”

keywords: realtime, end of history, disappearance.
..What’s beyond the end? Well, beyond the end, there is virtual reality, that is to say, the horizon of a programmed reality in which all our physiological and social functions (memory, affect, intelligence, sexuality, work) gradually become useless. Beyond the end, in the era of the transpolitical, the transaesthetic, or the transsexual, all our desiring machines first become tiny mechanisms of spectacle, and finally turn into celibate machines which exhaust all their capabilities in an empty vortex, as in Duchamp’s work. The countdown is the code for the automatic disappearance of the world. What’s left to be done when everything is already calculated, subtracted, realized in advance? Our problem is no longer what to do with real events, with real violence, but what to do with events that did not take place, that never had the time to take place? No longer the question: what are you doing after the orgy, the orgy of history, of freedom, of modernity? But rather: what are you doing when the orgy no longer takes place?..
..History, for example, ends with information and the creation of the instantaneous event..
..The retrospective curving of historical space, which in a sense resembles the recurrence of physical and cosmological space, is perhaps the big discovery of the end of the millennium..
..There is no better allegory for this fatal countdown than Arthur Clarke’s novel Nine Billion Names of God. A community of Tibetan monks is in charge of detailing and copying down all the names given to God. There are nine billion names. According to the prophecy, at the end of the countdown, once the last name is written down, the world comes to an end. But the monks are getting tired and, to go faster, they turn to IBM experts who come to the rescue with a bunch of computers. The work is done in three months. It is as if world history were to end in a few seconds thanks to a virtual intervention. Unfortunately, this also marks the disappearance of the world in real time. The prophecy of the end of the world which corresponds to the exhaustion of all of God’s names becomes true. On their way down from the mountain, the IBM technicians (who previously did not believe a word of the story) can see all the stars in the sky disappear one by one..
.. If history is a movie (which indeed it has become through its immediate retro-projection), the ‘truth’ in the news media is nothing more than the post-synchronizing, the dubbing, and the sub-titling of the film..
..In A Critique of Political Economy, Marx states that “mankind only poses problems that it can solve… We notice that a problem arises when the material conditions of its solution already exist or, at least, when they are about to exist.” But it is not like this anymore. Our jump into the virtual world unsettles all the material conditions that Marx was talking about, and deprives historical conditions of any dialectical solution. In a sense, the virtual is history’s final solution and the end result of real conflicts. Today, this means that humankind (or those who think on its behalf) only comes up with problems when they have already been solved. They have been virtually surpassed, or the system has displaced them by absorbing their occurrence. But wasn’t it already like this in Marx’s time? The emergence of the notions of class and struggle, the birth of a historical conscience: aren’t these indicative of the moment when humankind ceased to be violent and irreducible? This is reminiscent of Foucault and his analysis of power. When he starts to analyze power, isn’t it already the sign that power no longer has any political meaning, that it has lost its object? When ethnology looks at primitive societies, it means that they have already disappeared. Analysis itself is part of the process of disappearance..
(1998)

11 cauac XI

wrote Lovecraft’s bio 91
94 Extension of the Battlefield
98 Elementary Particles, 300.000 sold
01 Platform

Frederic Beigbeder one evening not long ago popped a Moody Blues ballad into his CD player and saw Houellebecq burst into tears: ‘He started crying, crying. Finally he explained that at all the parties when he was 18, all the boys and girls slow-danced to this song, but he was alone and no one talked to him because he was ugly.. he loves pathetic – all his work is about being pathetic’.

mountain-guide father and an anesthesiologist mother, hippie parents, at 6 shipped off to a communist grandmother SW of Paris, 78 she died, frequently depressed, at 18 rejected for military service because of a morphine addiction, in 80 graduated from college with a degree in agricultural engineering, married sister of a classmate, had a son and 84 divorced, within a few years, he was unemployed, drinking heavily and in and out of mental hospitals, where he was treated for anxiety, poet in 80s, since 91 computer admin in French National Assembly, 98 wife Marie-Pierre, 99 moves to Ireland near Cork from Paris, plan to move to a house on an island off the SW coast of Ireland where there are more sheep than people, doesnt like to speak English, asocial, Jim Beam, 00 has recorded a CD of his poems and tours France with a rock band, is directing an erotic film for the Canal Plus network, maintains an open marriage, frequents swingers’ clubs, estimates that he sleeps with 25 women a year, has no idea where his parents are today – or even if they are alive.

infl: Baudelaire, Brave New World and Island by Aldous Huxley, American Psycho by Bret Easton Ellis, Kant, Auguste Comte, The Magic Mountain by Thomas Mann, The Book of Kells, and… Pif le Chien (a comic strip)

‘pop star of the single generation’, ‘nihilist’, NY Times: ‘deeply repugnant read’, ‘France’s biggest literary sensation in 20 years’.
To 20-somethings, he’s a hero; to baby boomers, he’s a menace to society. He is also considered by turns a pornographer, a Stalinist, a racist, a sexist, a nihilist, a reactionary, a eugenicist and a homophobe.

Extension of the Battlefield — features a physically repellent software technician whose unrealistic obsession is to find a woman who will have sex with him. Instead of losing his virginity, he ends up losing his life in a car crash.

Elementary Particles — story of Bruno and Michel, a pair of half-brothers who are palmed off to grandparents at a tender age by irresponsible hippie parents. Bruno grows up to become a self-loathing, sex-obsessed psychiatric patient who, though ‘prepared to go to the ends of the earth’ for nubile flesh ‘wrapped in a miniskirt’, is rarely satisfied. He abandons the one woman who loves him, when she becomes a wheelchair-bound invalid. As for Michel, he becomes a chronically depressed molecular biologist who commits suicide off the Irish coast – but not without leaving a blueprint for establishing a new species of perfectly rational human clones, the only hope for saving mankind from self-destruction.

Houellebecq said that having money has changed his life in one crucial respect only: it has allowed him to escape ‘the nightmare’ of being an employee.
‘I don’t like to eat, I only like sex.’
‘We live in a world in which there are no more links. We’re just particles. It’s a simple metaphor.’
Marie-Pierre: ‘Michel’s not depressed. It’s the world that’s depressing.’

*9th century
1.2mil + 0.3 working nonresidents
13th, charles IV, bridge, st vitus cathedral [gothic], uni, prague 3rd largest in europe
18th, prague = hradcany + mala strana + stare mesto + nove mesto
art noveau / baroque / cubist / gothic / neoclassical / ultramodern
8 uni (uk, cvut..)
aug 02 flooding
tram *05, bus *08, trolleybus *36, metro *74, ruzyne airport
castle said to be the biggest in the world at about 570m length and an average of about 130m wide

-18 austria-hungary, 18-38 csr, 39-45 protektorat cechy a morava, 45-60 csr, 60-90 cssr, 90-92 csfr, 93- cr

18 tomas garrigue masaryk 850.3.7-37 pi 3 lamat IV
35 edvard benes 884.5.28-48 ta 2 ahau IV
38 emil hacha 872.7.12-46 ca 9 chicchan* IX
45 benes // 45 klement gottwald 896.11.23-53 11 cauac XI
48 gottwald
53 antonin zapotocky 884.12.19-57 12 chicchan II // antonin novotny 04.12.10-75 sa 10 cib II
57 novotny
68 ludvik svoboda 895.11.24-79 sa 11 men* VI // 68 alexander dubcek 21.11.27-92 sa 1 lamat XIII
// 69 gustav husak 13.1.10-91 cp 10 manik+ VII
75 husak
// 87 milos jakes 22.8.12 le 12 cimi XIII
89 vaclav havel 36.10.5 li 2 oc* XI

http://en.wikipedia.org/upload/6/6d/Gottwald100.jpg

wikipedia “free encyclopedia” = nupedia + wiki, 50+ languages
*01.1 by Larry Sanger (Nupedia) + Ben Kovitz (programmer) + sponsored by Jimbo Wales (Bomis president)
// Nupedia *00.3-03.9 Jimmy Wales + Larry Sanger
// Wales: “We recruited academics to write the articles. We had a peer review board. After nearly two years of work and an enormous amount of money, I think we had 12 articles to show for it.”
“Wikipedia owes its success to the presence of a strong core group of well-educated and articulate contributors from around the world who together maintain community standards of civility, quality and neutrality.”
“three strikes” vandalism policy is fairly easy to enforce. Most vandals get a two-strikes allowance. On the third offense, administrators block the offending poster’s I.P. address, preventing them from accessing the site. Though some find a new way back in, taunting the admins as they do so, most casual vandals get bored and find other places to ply their hatred.
“neutral point of view”, neutral content policy, bez zaujatosti
based on wiki technology, open knowledge, can be improved by anyone, content free of charge, w/o ads
licensed under GNU FDL
operated by nonprofit Wikimedia Foundation Inc
wiktionary *02.12, dictionary+thesaurus, words in all languages, a free dictionary
wikiquote *03.6, a collection of notable quotations
wikibooks *03.7, free textbooks for schools and universities {ucebnice, manualy // recept na vegansku indicku Aloo Masala, ucebnica XML}
wikisource, a collection of public domain or FDL-licensed texts, {the communist manifesto, bible, zdrojak Perlu, text turkmenskej hymny, vysledky regionalnych volieb vo Francuzsku}
mediawiki, sw na ktorom fachci wikipedia, open source wiki engine

* Spike Jonze 69 13 eb III: videos– Beastie Boys, Bjork, Fatboy Slim, Weezer; films– Being John Malkovich (99), Adaptation (02); cocreated Jackass; 99-03 married to Sofia Coppola
* Michel Gondry 65 fr: videos– 6x Bjork, White Stripes, Chem Bros, Kylie Minogue; ads– levi’s, smirnoff; invented ‘bullet time’ technique (sequence slowed down, frozen, camera rotates around); films– Human Nature (01), Eternal Sunshine.. (04) both screenpl by Kaufman
* David Fincher 62 ta 10 eb* X co/denver: animator; videos– Madonna, George Michael, Aerosmith, Rolling Stones; ads; films– Alien 3 (92), Se7en (95), The Game (97), Fight Club (99), Panic Room (02)
* Julien Temple 53 sa 6 manik XII uk/london: rockumentaries– Sex Pistols (80) + The Filth and the Fury (00), Mod culture; films– Bullet (96), Pandaemonium (01)
* Russell Mulcahy 53 ca 6 chuen IV au/melbourne: videos– Elton John, Duran Duran, Billy Joel, Spandau Ballet
* Singh Tarsem 61 ge 12 akbal VI in: films– The Cell (00)

An Introduction to Social Network Analysis —
* degrees– s kolkatimi ludmi som priamo spojeny, castokrat “the more connections, the better” pristup when one connects only those who are already connected to each other; what really matters is where those connections lead to — and how they connect the otherwise unconnected,
* betweenness– ludia na spojeniach medzi inak nespojenymi skupinami, bez nich by info medzi nimi netieklo,
* closeness– ak mam blizke spojenia s ludmi, som rychlejsie pri info, ale zase nie som s vela ludmi,
* boundary spanners– are well-positioned to be innovators, since they have access to ideas and information flowing in other clusters. They are in a position to combine different ideas and knowledge, found in various places, into new products and services,
* peripheral players– are often connected to networks that are not currently mapped, making them very important resources for fresh information not available inside the group,
* Network Centralization– a very centralized network is dominated by one or a few very central nodes. If these nodes are removed or damaged, the network quickly fragments into unconnected sub-networks,
* Structural Equivalence – determine which nodes play similar roles in the network,
* Cluster Analysis – find cliques and other densely connected clusters,
* Structural Holes – find areas of no connection between nodes that could be used for advantage or opportunity,
* E/I Ratio – find which groups in the network are open or closed to others,
* Small Worlds – find node clustering, and short path lengths, that are common in networks exhibiting highly efficient small-world behavior.

seven plus or minus two (miller)

“What most experimenters take for granted before they begin their experiments is infinitely more interesting than any results to which their experiments lead” (norbert wiener)

“To live effectively is to live with adequate information.” (norbert wiener)

Progress imposes not only new possibilities for the future but new restrictions (norbert wiener)

we stand in relation to the world as in a mirror that does not tell us how the world is (varela)

the fact that we can coordinate our own sense data into recurrent structures can never prove that these structures are ontologically real
(Ernst von Glasersfeld)

Break the pattern which connects the items of learning, and you necessarily destroy all quality (Gregory Bateson)

some sort of self-fulfilment, occurs in all organisations and human cultures (Gregory Bateson)

A living system, due to its circular organization, is an inductive system and functions always in a predictive manner; what occurred once will occur again. Its organization (both genetic and otherwise) is conservative and repeats only that which works (Humberto Maturana)

disagreements can only be solved by entering a domain of co-inspiration, in which things are done together because the participants want to do them
(humberto maturana)

the self resides in no place at all, but merely manifests itself in the continuity of our acts of differentiating and relating and in the intuitive certainty we have that our experience is truly ours (Ernst von Glasersfeld)

I would be inclined to argue that all of us would be better off if we set out to be something other than what we are (george kelly)

Anyone who attempts to generate random numbers by deterministic means is, of course, living in a state of sin.
John von Neumann

There’s no sense in being precise when you don’t even know what you’re talking about.
John von Neumann

The lie has long since lost its honest function of misrepresenting reality. adorno

“for machines that deal with people rather than people that deal with machines!” (mxhz.org)

“everything that can be marketed will eventually vanish” (mxhz.org)

environment transformation via technology:
– indoor beaches (Seagaia, also known as Ocean Dome)
– ski slopes (SSAWS, acronym for Spring, Summer, Autumn, Winter: Snow) of Japan.
– high-tech casinos and artificial nature of Las Vegas, American shopping malls and theme parks
– SimCity (Maxis)
– CAD (Computer Animated Design) Institute in Phoenix (the first educational institution to offer a degree in Virtual Reality)
– Virtual World, a virtual arcade facility
= no seasons, no danger, no discomfort, no travel; world as a package; selfenclosed, manmade worlds; abandoning nature for synthetic version; virtual as ultimate synthetic

human body transformation via genetic engineering, plastic surgery, biotechnology:
– Orlan: “I am attracted to plastic surgery because it is a fight against nature, the idea of God, the programmed, the DNA which is in charge of representation. I believe the body is not sacred as religion taught us, it is just a costume that can be changed.”
– Robert Ettinger, President of the Cryonics Institute, who is attempting to achieve immortality through the freezing of human bodies
– Max More, President of the Extropy Institute (a society of progressive futurists), looks forward to a future where mankind will have transcended the limitations of nature through the advancement of nanotechnology (molecular robotics) and the creation of cyborgs (human-machines): “I don’t think robots are going to replace human beings. I think that what we are going to see is more of a merger of human beings and robots, to become some kind of combined organism…there will be a whole spectrum.”
– transsexual cyberpunks, Limelight Club in New York City.
– body piercing

moods / personality / consciousness transformation by cosmetic pharmacology:
– prozac
– smart drugs, psychedelics
– RU Sirius: “Our culture is starting to view drugs as information. You take a particular combination of chemicals to create a particular response in your brain and in your nervous system, and you find that response useful in getting a different view of reality, a different photo- graph from a different angle, and you use that for whatever you need to create.”
= we are able to change subjective experience to suit our needs and desires

– Steve Roberts (editor of High-Tech Nomadness) proposes the possibility of nomadic (yet connected) lifestyles in the digital age. We see him cruising natural landscapes on his Behemoth, a computerized, 105-speed bicycle which he designed himself. The on-board monitor displays a map, a virtual landscape, pin-pointed with blips representing his virtual friends spread out across the Internet/terrain.

The computer programs for example which calculate the credit line of checking accounts or control medical instruments in an emergency station can’t be meaningfully called “media”.

algorithmic vs digitized
Contrary to conventional data like digitized images, sound and text documents,
the algorithmic instruction code allows a generative process.
It uses computers for computation,
not only as storage and transmission media.
And this precisely distinguishes program code from
non-algorithmic digital code,
describing for example the difference between algorithmic composition on the one hand and
audio CDs/mp3 files on the other,
between algorithmically generated text and
“hypertext’,
or between a graphical computer “demo” and
a video tape.

A piano score, even a 19th century one, is software when its instruction code can be executed by a human pianist as well as on a player piano.
~ software can be executed by humans, not only by computers

Literature is a conceptual art in that is not bound to objects and sites, but only to language.. Since formal language is a language, software can be seen and read as a literature.

patterns in the music, arts and sociology (Ward, 2001).
Ward, Mark (2001) Universality: The underlying theory behind life, the universe and everything, Macmillan, London.

seriality ~ physical, synchronicity ~ psychical

Seriality is a concept coined by Paul Kammerer in 1919 with the publication of his book Das Gesetz der Series. Kammerer viewed seriality as a “law”, like gravity or entropy, and the recurrence of same and/or similar events was so regular as to negate the term coincidence.

Synchronicity is a term coined by Carl Jung in his essay Synchronicity: An A-Causal Connecting Principle.

there were three main categories in Kammerer’s classification: typology, morphology and systematisation. Typology refers to similar names, numbers, events and so forth in a series. Morphology refers to the number of consecutive sequences. And systematisation is what Koestler (1971, p. 139) refers to as ‘homologous and analogous series, pure and hybrid series, inverted series’ and so on.

At the beginning of the twentieth century, Austrian biologist Paul Kammerer (880-40 le 1 imix* I) advanced his little-known but thought-provoking theory of seriality. Kammerer supposed that events, objects, or occurrences of a like kind assemble together in space and time through unknown and acausal means. Kammerer defined seriality as “a lawful recurrence, or clustering, in time and space whereby individual members of the sequence-as far as can be ascertained by careful analysis-are not connected by the same active source.”(1) Where Jung’s synchronicity deals with the relationship between subjectivity and the external world, Kammerer’s seriality is more concerned with patterns and groupings of objects that occur in the environment. Many of us have had the experience whereby we encounter a new word for the first time and, surprisingly, we encounter it numerous times after its initial introduction into our lives. For instance, someone rolls off a particularly mellifluous sounding word in conversation, “insouciant,” that piques your curiosity but you have no idea of its meaning. Shortly after hearing it the first time, you read it in a book, someone else uses it in conversation-and someone else.

Kammerer suggested that these events revealed a heretofore unrecognized law of nature which tended to bring like and like together

DJ Spooky at Rhythm Science 2004, p13: “Kammerer was looking for the algorithms of everyday life – how patterns appear, and how their structures can affect all aspects of the creative act.. Kammerer’s idea of sequential reality and process-oriented events was one of the first systematic attempts at figuring out a rhythm of everyday life in an industrial context.”

The process of becoming intuitively aware and acting in harmony with the synchronicities is what Jung labelled “individuation” (process by which components of an individual are integrated into a more indivisible whole)

Some think that a scientific basis for the phenomena of synchronicity may be related to the principle of correlation, since a more precise scientific term for Jung’s expression ‘acausal connecting principle’ is ‘correlation’.
It is a well-known scientific principle that ‘correlation does not imply causation’. Yet, correlation may in fact be a physical property shared by events without there being a classical cause-effect relationship. This is most clearly seen in the correlation effects of quantum physics, where widely separated events can be correlated without being linked by a direct physical cause-effect.

suicide bombers

term “suicide bombing” became commonplace after the attack on a US Marine barracks in Beirut in 83.
arabs: “human bomb”, “shahid” (martyr, “person who died in a Jihad in order to testify his faith in Allah”)
bush, 02: “homicide bombing”

jp samurais, jp ww2 (anti us),
vietnam (anti fr), kurdistan (anti tr),
palestina (anti isr/us), tamils,
iraqi (anti us)

Seppuku, honorable suicide, was part of samurai duty.
During the Crusades, the Knights Templar destroyed one of their own ships, killing 140 Christians in order to kill ten times as many Muslims.
In ww2, japanese kamikaze pilots acted as “human missiles” by flying their planes, heavily laden with explosives, directly into enemy warships. chiefly against United States Navy aircraft carriers.
The Japanese Navy also used both one and two man piloted torpedoes called kaitens (midget submarines) on suicide missions. After aiming a two-person kaiten at their target, the two crew members were to embrace and shoot each other in the head.
After ww2, Viet Minh “death volunteers” were used against the French colonial army.
Kurdistan Workers Party.
During the Al-Aqsa Intifada the Palestinians (groups Hamas, Islamic Jihad, and the Al-Aqsa Martyrs Brigade) have attempted to kill Israelis using suicide bombers nearly every single day. usually crowded civilian targets.
The Tamil Tigers have committed 75 (mostly female) suicide bombings since 80.
9/11 attack used large fully-fueled planes as enormous cruise missiles flown into buildings, killing the planes’ hijackers, and causing over 2,500 casualties in the process — making it the most destructive suicide bombing in history.
After the US occupied Iraq in 03, a wave of suicide bombings occurred. The suicide bombers target mainly US military targets although civilian targets such as Shiite mosques and intl offices of the UN and the Red Cross were also attacked.

Al Qaeda leader Ayman al-Zawahiri expresses the point clearly: “the method of martyrdom operation [is] the most successful way of inflicting damage against the opponent and the least costly to the mujahidin in terms of casualties.”

Soldiers who lay down their lives to protect their comrades are commonly awarded the highest recognition for courage in battle.

anthropologist Scott Atran in 03: Most bombers are educated, many with college or university experience, and come from middle class homes. Many do show signs of psychological imbalance, and often had trouble relating socially as children.

saddam platil rodinam suicide bomberov $10-25k,
palestinci platia tiez, izraelci im nicia domy

while a man can be checked to see if he’s carrying an explosive belt by simply lifting his shirt, ordering a woman to do so contradicts Jewish norms of modesty.

+ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxim_restaurant_suicide_bombing
+ http://www.theatlantic.com/doc/prem/200206/brooks

Father told me that if someone says “can’t” that shows you what to do.
Mother: “..you know perfectly well I’ve never enjoyed having a good time.”

I was shocked at college to see one hundred of my classmates in the library all reading copies of the same book.

Fischinger: “Everything in the world has its own spirit which can be released by setting it into vibration.”

I was given a job at the Cornish School in Seattle. It was there that I discovered what I called micro-macrocosmic rhythmic structure. The large parts of a composition had the same proportion as the phrases of a single unit.

I could not accept the academic idea that the purpose of music was communication, because I noticed that when I conscientiously wrote something sad, people and critics were often apt to laugh.

I found this answer from Gira Sarabhai, an Indian singer and tabla player: The purpose of music is to sober and quiet the mind, thus making it susceptible to divine influences. I also found in the writings of Ananda K. Coomaraswammy that the responsibility of the artist is to imitate nature in her manner of operation.

I have never practiced sitting cross-legged nor do I meditate. My work is what I do and always involves writing materials, chairs, and tables. Before I get to it, I do some exercises for my back and I water the plants, of which I have around two hundred.

In the late forties I found out by experiment (I went into the anechoic chamber at Harvard University) that silence is not acoustic. It is a change of mind, a turning around. I devoted my music to it. My work became an exploration of non-intention. To carry it out faithfully I have developed a complicated composing means using I Ching chance operations, making my responsibility that of asking questions instead of making choices.

The Buddhist texts to which I often return are the Huang-Po Doctrine of Universal Mind (in Chu Ch’an’s first translation, published by the London Buddhist Society in 1947), Neti Neti by L. C. Beckett of which (as I say in the introduction to my Norton Lectures at Harvard) my life could be described as an illustration, and the Ten Oxherding Pictures (in the version that ends with the return to the village bearing gifts of a smiling and somewhat heavy monk, one who had experienced Nothingness). Apart from Buddhism and earlier I had read the Gospel of Sri Ramakrishna. Ramakrishna it was who said all religions are the same, like a lake to which people who are thirsty come from different directions, calling its water by different names. Furthermore this water has many different tastes. The taste of Zen for me comes from the admixture of humor, intransigence, and detachment. It makes me think of Marcel Duchamp, though for him we would have to add the erotic.

That summer Fuller put up his first dome, which immediately collapsed. He was delighted. “I only learn what to do when I have failures.”

It was at Black Mountain College that I made what is sometimes said to be the first happening. The audience was seated in four isometric triangular sections, the apexes of which touched a small square performance area that they faced and that led through the aisles between them to the large performance area that surrounded them. Disparate activities, dancing by Merce Cunningham, the exhibition of paintings and the playing of a Victrola by Robert Rauschenberg, the reading of his poetry by Charles Olsen or hers by M. C. Richards from the top of a ladder outside the audience, the piano playing of David Tudor, my own reading of a lecture that included silences from the top of another ladder outside the audience, all took place within chance-determined periods of time within the over-all time of my lecture.

I was to move from structure to process, from music as an object having parts, to music without beginning, middle, or end, music as weather. In our collaborations Merce Cunningham’s choreographies are not supported by my musical accompaniments. Music and dance are independent but coexistant.

My favorite music is the music I haven’t yet heard. I don’t hear the music I write. I write in order to hear the music I haven’t yet heard.

(1989)

theo van gogh 57.7.23 le 1 imix* I
His great-grandfather was art dealer Theo van Gogh, brother of Vincent van Gogh.
2003 book Allah Knows Best – in his typical cynical, mocking tone – presented his views on Islam.

ayaan hirsi ali 67.11.13 sc 7 kan+
naturalized refugee, from the ex-royal family of Somalia

Together with Hirsi Ali, van Gogh created the 10-minute movie Submission. The film is about violence against women in Islamic societies, and focuses especially on female circumcision. It shows four abused women, naked under see-through dresses with Qur’anic verses in Arabic unfavourable to women, painted on their bodies. After the movie was released, both van Gogh and Hirsi Ali received death threats. Van Gogh did not take these very seriously and refused any protection.
http://www.ifilm.com/ifilmdetail/2655656?htv=12

2004.11.2 van Gogh was shot with seven bullets and died on the spot. His throat was slit, and he was then stabbed in the chest. Two knives were left inplanted in his torso, one pinning a 5 page note to his body. The note threatened Western governments, Jews and Hirsi Ali (who went into hiding). The note also contains references to the ideologies of the Egyptian organization Takfir wal-Hijra. The alleged killer Mohammed Bouyeri, a 26-year-old man of Dutch and Moroccan nationalities, was apprehended by the police after being shot in the leg.
Though Bouyeri’s parents were from Morocco, he was raised in The Netherlands in Dutch and apparently did not know Arabic. The letter had nothing on Van Gogh. It was a long ramble on purported quotes from the Jewish Talmud. The suspect was said to be upset by his mother’s death and TV footage of US soldiers killing wounded Iraqi civilians. There is not any proof that he did not act alone. So, an INDIVIDUAL killed Van Gogh. Not “Islam”. Not even “political Islam.”
http://indymedia.nl/nl/2004/11/22690.shtml

Until his death Van Gogh was working on a movie (0605) about the assassination of Dutch politician Pim Fortuyn.

Pim Fortuyn 48.2.19 7 ik.
Openly gay publicist; hostile views on Islam and his anti-immigration positions; could perhaps be described as a nationalist, but on cultural rather than racial grounds; held libertine views, favoring the drug policy of the Netherlands, same-sex marriage, euthanasia on request and related positions; wanted to disband the army and air force, retaining only a navy.
2001: “I am also in favour of a cold war with Islam. I see Islam as an extraordinary threat, as a hostile society.”
2002: Netherlands, with a population of 16 million, had enough inhabitants, and therefore, the practice of allowing 40,000 asylum-seekers into the country each year had to be stopped.
2002: “I don’t hate Islam. I consider it a backwards* culture. I have travelled much in the world. And wherever Islam rules, it’s terrible. All the hypocrisy. It’s a bit like those old Reformed Protestants. The Reformed lie all the time. And why is that? Because they have norms and values that are so high that you can’t humanly maintain them. You also see that in Muslim culture. Look at the Netherlands. In what country could a leader of such a large movement as mine be openly homosexual? It’s fantastic that it’s possible. That’s something that we can be proud of. And I want to keep it that way.”
In 2002 assassinated by an animal rights left-wing activist. After consultation with the Lijst Pim Fortuyn, it was decided not to postpone the elections. However, it was not possible under Netherlands law to modify the candidate lists, so Fortuyn became a posthumous candidate. Lijst Pim Fortuyn went on to record an unprecedented debut in the lower house of parliament, winning 26 seats (17% of the total 150 seats).

three Bazin principles, where he suggested that cinema came from literature, the theater and painting. I would suggest actually that very little of cinema comes from painting..
..images which are constantly slaved to texts. I challenge you to acknowledge the notion that when you watch ninety-nine percent of cinema you can see the cinema maker following the text. The text is the prime organizer of ideas and of the narrative structure, as well as the prime organizer of the way the characters are envisaged

cinema is in deep trouble because it has been a slave to four separate tyrannies.
First of all, I believe as already indicated that the cinema is a slave to text. We should had an imagistic cinema, not a cinema which is essentially created by writers.
..second tyranny would the tyranny of the frame. This might seem strange to you, but all of us watch cinema primarily in a dark space sitting down, looking in one direction at a single frame. The human body doesn’t like sitting still, it’s obviously restless, and the notion of a single concentration on a single space is a most extraordinary situation.. A frame doesn’t exist in nature, it’s entirely artificial.. The television ratio of 1 to 1.3 has begun to create a great straitjacketing, a great closure of the ability in which the whole world is now seeing its moving picture imagery.. My desire is to break away from the conventional relationship of a seated audience in the dark focusing on one single screen throwing shadows of a hallucinogenic nature.
third tyranny would be the tyranny of the actor. Now we all know that the actor and actress are the best possible publicity stunts cinema could ever ever imagine. The actor or actress offscreen creates an environment which affects how you look at them on the screen. The whole media of the world in all its gossip facilities is very highly geared in order to create this particular relationship, but to repeat a phrase I’ve used at least fifty times in this room in the past three days, the cinema does not exist as a playground for Sharon Stone..
We have to get rid of the camera. The camera has made us arrive at cinema almost at level six on the Richter scale. We’ve already created pictures of the world which we know are grossly inadequate. The world out there is always going to be more exciting, more fascinating, more adventurous, more extraordinary than what can be presented through a camera.. cinema of the last hundred years has been very much associated with the production of a photographer, that whole situation has been changed around so that the king in terms of cinema manufacture will now be the editor. The editor, thanks to new technology, can do anything with anything.