lepsie v http://www.burundi.sk/dusan/carrythatweight/images/d/d5/Speculative-realism.txt
SPECULATIVE REALISTS [najma via wikipedia] (2 jan 11)
defines itself loosely in its stance of metaphysical realism against the dominant forms of post-Kantian philosophy or what it terms correlationism (~ anthropocentrism?).
conf
I 4/2007 @ Goldsmiths College, org by Alberto Toscano, *spec real
II 4/2009 “Speculative Realism/Speculative Materialism” @ UWE Bristol
publishing
Collapse #3 (publ conf I by CCRU Warwick), (wordpress) blogs, Zero Books, Re.Press, Open Humanities Press
Quentin Meillassoux, 67 fr/paris, son of anthropologist, teaches @ École Normale Supérieure, former student of Badiou (po nom prebral tiez matematicke referencie).
materialista, nie realista.
Badiou o jeho 06/08 knihe After Finitude (EN transl by Brassier) hovori ze uvadza do filozofie uplne novy pohlad, iny ako tri Kantove – kritiku, skepticizmus a dogmatizmus;
kritizuje ‘correlationism’ ~ filozofia moze pojednavat cisto o human-world (cosi ako antropocentrizmus, ale neviem preco nepouziva ten pojem).
‘arche-fossil’
‘absolute time’
hlasi(l) sa k ‘speculative materialism’.
pre-human-world = ‘ancestral realm’.
primarne vlastnosti veci dosahuje matematika, vnimanie az sekundarne vlastnosti.
[core] agnosticky skepticizmus voci kauzalite treba premenit v istotu ze causal necessity je uplna blbost… a nutnost ze laws or nature are contingent.
odmieta Kantovu Kopernikovsku revoluciu (svet zavisi od situacie pozorovatela) – vytvoril len Ptolemaiovsku kontra-revoluciu.
/ nebloguje?
Graham Harman – 68 ta 8 imix II us/iowa city, studoval pod Alphonsom Lingisom na Penn State Uni (MA 91), PhD 99 na DePaul Uni Chicago (hih zivil sa ako sports writer), 00- American University in Cairo
metafyzik, realista, occasionalist (occasional cause), silne sympatizuje s panpsychizmom, snazi sa zvratit lingvisticky obrat v zap. filozofii.
‘object-oriented philosophy’ (tiez Bryant a Bogost) via tool-analysis Heideggerovej Being and Time – fenomenologia trpi tym ze vsetko vztahuje na cloveka, PRO utlaceny realny zivot objektov (tymi je EM pole, ohnuty casopriestor, aj OSN).
‘tool-being’
‘vicarious causation’
‘allure’
robi rozdiel medzi realnymi a vnimanymi objektami – na rozdiel od (early?) Latour (& DeLanda?)’s flat ontology (mam to rozvite na poznamkach z pripravy PZI eseje 1).
Ray Brassier, 65, fr-skotski predkovia, Middlesex University => American University of Beirut
nihilista, realista, materialista, antihumanista.
stavia na ‘non-philosophy’ Françoisa Laurella.
premostuje povojnovu FR filozofiu s anglo-us tradicie fil. naturalizmu, kogn. vedy, a neurofilozofie.
‘transcendental nihilism / methodological naturalism’
prelozil 2 Badiouove a 1 Meillassouxove knihy.
Iain Hamilton Grant – BA Reading, MA, PhD Warwick, University of the West of England Bristol
‘transcendental materialism / neo-vitalism’
! venuje sa aj hist & phil of sci, phil of tech.
prelozil par knih Baudrillarda a Lyotarda.
breaktru 06 knihou Philosophies of Nature After Schelling (myslim ze Schelling zasadne spomina Ranciere pri aesthetical regime),
kde kritizuje filozofov snaziacich sa reverznut Platona – mali by radsej reverznut Kanta.
tiez dost kritizuje fil etiky a zivota v sucasnej kontinentalnej fil – ze davaju moc do popredia cloveka.
hlavny source: Plato & Schelling & Deleuze. anti Aristotle & Kant (realitu redukuju na ludsky pohlad).
+
Levi Bryant
Nick Srnicek
Ian Bogost
..
SPECULATIVE TURN reader (re.press 1/2011)
editori sa nikdy nestretli osobne (:
Intro [CORE] ***
quick hist of phil 1900s-2000s:
Heidegger & phenomenology; Derrida & Foucault (od late 70s); Deleuze (od smrti v mid-90s); Zizek a neskor aj Badiou (po smrti Derridu v 04);
tiez Latour (via OO ontologists Harman, Bryant, Bogost); Stengers (on Deleuze & Whitehead); Laruelle (non-philosophy, incl. cogn sci & neurophil);
v 02 DeLanda a Harman publikuju o realizme (Intensive Science & Tool-Being); mid-00s Meillassoux (After Finitude); SpecReal eventy 07 a 09
anti-realist trends @ phil incl. phenomenology, structuralism, post-structuralism, deconstruction, postmodernism.
teraz vid eko katastrofa alebo infiltration of tech into everyday (incl. bodies) – antirealizmus je neudrzatelny.
doteraz najma focus on texts, discourse, social practices, and human finitude — spec real na realitu ako taku.
SR vsetci uvazuju o realite inak ako cez myslenie a ludskost (napr textovu kritiku) – napr cez noumenal objects, causality-in-itself, neurovedu, matematicke absolutes, psychoanalyzu.
Speculation aims at something ‘beyond’ the critical and linguistic turns.
anti-realism found itself in trap of ‘correlationism’: ‘the idea according to which we only ever have access to the correlation between thinking and being, and never to either term considered apart from the other’.
povod v Kantovej kritickej filozofii (Kopernikovska revolucia: it is no longer the mind that conforms to objects, but rather objects that conform to the mind)
javy: preoccupation with such issues as death and
finitude, an aversion to science, a focus on language, culture, and subjectivity to the
detriment of material factors, an anthropocentric stance towards nature, a relinquish-
ing of the search for absolutes, and an acquiescence to the specific conditions of our historical thrownness. [p 4]
Zizek draws on the naturephilosophy of Schelling, the ontological vastness of Hegel, and the insights into the Real of Lacan.
@Parallax View 06:
??? ‘Materialism means that the reality I see is never “whole”—not because a large part of it eludes me, but be-
cause it contains a stain, a blind spot, which indicates my inclusion in it’.
Reality, he repeatedly states, is non-All; there is a gap, a stain, an irresolvable hole within reality
itself. The very difference between the for-itself and the in-itself is encompassed with-
in the Absolute. Only by attending to this gap can we become truly materialist. Žižek
has signalled a ‘transcendental materialist’ turn within recent continental thinking.
Badiou: ‘mathematics = ontology’ (@ Being and Event 05-EN), stavia ontologiu na teorii mnozin. matematika hovori o byti bez predikacii
Latour: ‘irreductionism’ – all entities are equally real (though not equally strong) insofar as they act on other entities.
Cybernetic Culture Research Unit, *late 90s, Sadie Plant & Nick Land @ Uni of Warwick, tiez Matthew Fuller, Kode 9, Kodwo Eshun, Mark Fisher.
coskoro presunuli mimo uni. publikuju Collapse (*9/06) a Pli – liahen fil realizmu a materializmu.
approved blogs (discussing/producing SR): Bryant (Larval Subjects), Srnicek (The Accursed Share and Speculative Heresy), Harman (Object-Oriented Philosophy), Another Heidegger Blog, Eliminative Culinarism, Immanence, Infinite Thought, Jon Cogburn’s Blog, K-Punk, Naught Thought, The Pinocchio Theory, Planomenology, Poetix, Rough Theory, and Splintering Bone Ashes.
sections (cmr = continental materialism and realism)
0 badiou uvadza socreal – chyba im th of ‘event’
1 spec realist conf 2
2 responses to ‘after finitude’
3 cmr and politics
4 new phil trends in metaphysics
5 cmr and science
@ part 1 – Grant [core] – ‘Does Nature Stay What It Is?’
kritizuje ‘materializmus’ Badioua a Zizeka (on cerpa z dynamist concept of matter & formal rather than material problem of Ground by Hindrichs);
a neo-Fichteanism kontinentalneho myslenia (napr Meillassoux, Zizek)
predtym Harman kritizuje G ze ‘podkopava’ objekty tym ze v nich hlada hlbsie materialne zaklady (Boha, fyzicke vlastnosti, pudy, predindividualno);
G na to: Harman is incapable of grasping the anteriority upon which both ideation and objects depend.
+
PSR = ?; by Leibniz
Ground = ?
kritizuje Newtonovsky dualizmus atomov a sil (ten vidno aj u ‘grounded’ power theorists @ phil of nature) ktory naraza pri metafyzike hmoty,
a konkretne pri koncepcii inertnej underlying substance.
cize chapu hmotu ako Aristoteles chape substanciu. z toho dualizmus (@ ontology of eliminative materialism), pritomny aj na SpecReal 2007 conf.
materializmus treba chapat ako ontologicku tezu – potom je vsetko materialne.
Hindrichs provides a functionalist model of the operation of grounding, which amounts to asserting the equivalence of ground, act and form.
conceptions of matter:
– substance
– dynamist – introduced into physics by Hans Christian Oersted in 1820 (@ exp demo of EM), but into philosophy by Plato.
[moc tazke, precitam neskor, vyzera byt zasadne]
@ part 2
Meillassouxovi zmietli nesmely navrh potreby (virtualneho) Boha;
a ze jeho uplne zavrhnutie kauzality a potreba kontingencie v prirode nie su zlucitelne, pretoze ta kontingencia v dosledku beztak implikuje kauzalitu alebo becoming.
ontologizuje Humeovi epistemologiu;
pletie si metafyzicku a natural necessity, co ho vedie k unjustifiable derivation of pure Chaos;
nerobi rozdiel medzi pure a applied matematikou, a kym reasoning bases on pure math, conclusions rozvadza siroko mimo nej;
@ part 3 – CHECK srnicek
Srnicek o tom ze via Laruelle’s non-phil (subjektivita ako formalistic procedure neredukovatelna na fenomenologicky/psych zaklad) sa da uniknut kapitalizmu,
ale ze realist ontology v sebe nemoze zahrnat grounds for eticku/politicku action (zbavuje iba kapitalistickej autority, ale nedava guidelines/imperatives dalej).
@ part 4
Meillassoux [core] robi rozdiel medzi ‘potencialitou’ a ‘virtualitou’ via Hume & Cantor.
Shaviro porovnava Harmana a Whiteheada – H’s non-relational ontology sux; H’s allure (linked to sublime) je aesth modernizmus, kym W’s beauty (‘the emergence of patterned contrasts’) je 21st c.
Harman [core]: Whitehead (like Latour) has an ontology of individual entities while Deleuze (like Bergson, Simondon, and Iain Hamilton Grant) do not view individuals as the basic personae of the world.
Latour [core] pise knihu o 14 modoch bytia via Souriau [tajne ich riesi od 1987] (do 2007 verejne nerobil phil rozdiel medzi phys/mental/animal/fictional actors), napr: phenomenon, thing, soul, fiction, God.
@ part 5
Protevi o Deleuzovom afekte via developmental systems theory, neurology and cognitive psychology,
conclusion
Zizek porovnava svoj materializmus s materializmami
scientific materialism (Darwinism, brain sciences),
‘discursive’ materialism (ideology as the result of material discursive practices),
Badiou’s ‘democratic materialism’ (the spontaneous egalitarian hedonism),
speculative.
only the assertion of the nature of reality as ‘non-All’ can sustain a truly materialist position.
SR future
teraz 4 hlavne debatne okruhy: politics/ethics, temporality, subjectivity/consciousness, and science/truth