V krajine sa squatterská tradícia rozšírila v 80. rokoch počas vypuknutia akútnej krízy na realitnom trhu.
v 6/10 boli lokalne (alebo to su general?) volby
The left-liberal D66, right-liberal VVD (Mark Rutte 8 eb* 67 aq), and right-wing parties PVV (Geert Wilders 13 cib 63 vi) and [nationalist] TON (Rita Verdonk) all did well.
In the two communities where the PVV participated it scored well becoming the largest party in Almere and the second largest in The Hague. It was the first local election the PVV has ever contested.
christian democratic CDA faired poorly
social democratic PvdA did extremely bad
The socialist SP also suffered losses.
v 6/10 dostal vo vseob volbach VVD o kreslo viac ako PvdA. krestania prepadli, PVV ziskala vela.
VVD:
Issues rather than charisma. VVD even made the deliberate decision of running a campaign that didn’t show Rutte’s face.
To draw attention away from its uncharismatic leader, the VVD focused on issues such as safety, roads, taxes for hard working citizens, and grappling with the soaring budget deficit.
Rutte, after being a human resources manager at Unilever and a deputy minister, first of social affairs and later of education, he ran for leadership of the VVD in 2006. He narrowly and unexpectedly defeated his adversary, Rita Verdonk, the popular but controversial minister of immigration.
PVV, report polit.teoretikov v 2010:
“new radical right” () – not an extreme right-wing party, but contained some radical right-wing elements. party’s pro-Israel stance shows that it is not neo-Nazi. It tends however towards a national democratic ideology. povodne tam mali verziu ze je “extreme right-wing grouping and a threat to social cohesion and democracy”.
* Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA), a centre-right Christian Democratic party. It holds to the principle that government activity should supplement but not supplant communal action by citizens. The CDA puts its philosophy between the “individualism” of the VVD and the “statism” of the PvdA.
* The Labour Party (PvdA), a social democratic, centre-left Labour party. Its programme is based on greater social, political, and economic equality for all citizens.
* The Party for Freedom (PVV), an anti-Islam nationalist-conservative party founded and dominated by Geert Wilders, formerly of the VVD. Its philosophy is based on free market economics and opposition to immigration and European integration.
* The Socialist Party (SP), in its first years a radical socialist/communist party, a Maoist split from the Communist Party Netherlands, is now a more mainstream socialist party, left from the PvdA on economic issues but at the same time taking more conservative positions on issues like integration and national identity than the PvdA.
* The People’s Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD), a conservative liberal party. It attaches great importance to private enterprise and the freedom of the individual in political, social, and economic affairs.
* Democrats 66 (D66), a social-liberal radical party. The party supports liberal policies on abortion and euthanasia and reform of the welfare state. The party is left-wing on immigration, environment and foreign policy.
* Green Left (GroenLinks) combines, as its name implies green environmentalist ideals with left-wing ideals. The party is also strongly in favour of the multicultural society.
* Christian Union (ChristenUnie), a Christian-democratic party made up by mostly orthodox Protestant Christians, with conservative stances on abortion, euthanasia and gay marriage. In other areas the party is considered centre-left, for instance on immigration, welfare state and environment.
* The Party for the Animals is a single-issue animal rights party with natural affinity for environmental issues. In general, the party is considered left of the centre.
* The Political Reformed Party (SGP), the most orthodox Protestant party with conservative policies: government is only to serve God. It is a testimonial party. Only in 2006 and after heavy political pressure were women allowed to be members of this party.
* Proud of the Netherlands (Trots op Nederland), the political movement associated with independent parliamentarian and former government
minister of the VVD, Rita Verdonk. It takes a patriotic, populist stand on most political issues.
The first Muslims who settled in the Netherlands were Indonesians who fled from its bloody war of Independence @ 19th c.
imigr vlna @ 60s-1973 – NL oficialne nabera pracovnu silu – najma MOR a TR, ti potom do krajiny prinasaju rodiny via family reunification laws.
A number of Surinamese Muslims came to the Netherlands before and after the independence of Suriname in 1975.
In 80s and especially since 90s, Muslims have also come to the Netherlands as refugees and asylum seekers, mainly from Bosnia, Somalia, Iran, Pakistan and Afghanistan
Dnes immigr najma via marriage migration & family reunification laws.
In 2005?3 NL passed immigration laws which force future immigrants and their prospective Dutch partners to abide by very strict requirements. Immigrants must pass tests showing knowledge of Dutch in their home countries. The Dutch partner must be at least 21 years old and prove income of at least 120% minimum wage. These strict laws have caused many Dutch interested in marrying people from other countries to move to Belgium for a temporary period, in what has been called “The Belgian Route”. => od 03 silne klesol priliv TR a MOR.
about 400 mosques in the Netherlands, with about 200 Turkish mosques, 140 Moroccan mosques and 50 Surinamese.
45 Islamic elementary schools, and two high schools.
all foreign nationals who have legally resided in the country for five years have the right to vote in local elections
marokanci volia malo, turci ovela viac.
viac orgs maju turci, ale spolupracuju s marokancami.
van gogha zabil marokanec.
hofstad su tiez mar.
Hofstad – oznacenie tajnou sluzbou
muslimski marokanci
group is influenced by the ideology of Takfir wal-Hijra.
Redouan al-Issar, also known as “The Syrian” is the suspected spiritual leader of the group.
Most media attention is attracted by Mohammed Bouyeri, sentenced to life imprisonment for murdering van Gogh (2004) and by Samir Azzouz, suspected of planning terrorist attacks on the Dutch parliament and several strategic targets such as the national airport and a nuclear reactor.
Group is also suspected of planning to kill several members of government and parliament.
Bouyeri 78, al-Issar 55?65, ostatni 20-somethings
In 2006 Minister of Justice Piet Hein Donner (christ dem) provoked an outcry when he suggested the Netherlands might accept Sharia law in a constitutional manner. “It is a sure certainty for me: if two thirds of all Netherlanders tomorrow would want to introduce Sharia, then this possibility must exist. Could you block this legally? It would also be a scandal to say ‘this isn’t allowed! The majority counts. That is the essence of democracy.” The statements were categorically refused by parties across the political spectrum, as well as by one Muslim leader.